Egyptian vulture

Egyptian vulture

pink face Californian condor

eats fish

eats birds

white face Osprey

yellow face African fish eagle

rounded wings Northern goshawk

pointed wings Peregrine falcon

(a) Give two ways in which an Osprey and Egyptian vulture are different. 1 2 (b) List all the information that the key gives about a Northern goshawk. 1

2 2. Draw a line to match each aspect of fitness with its correct description. Aspect of fitness Description Strength Stamina Suppleness Being able to bend the body easily. Being able to keep exercising without tiring. Being able to lift heavy objects easily.

2

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3. Some processes are named in the box below. corrosion heating and quenching combustion expanding anodising

Marks KU PS

galvanising crimping alloying electroplating

Which process (a) improves the heat insulation of fibres? 1 (b) is a chemical reaction in which a metal’s surface is gradually broken down? 1 (c) involves using electricity to thicken the oxide layer on aluminium? 1 (d) makes steel harder? 1 (e) is a chemical reaction in which fossil fuels burn? 1 4. Electrical appliances have different power ratings. Appliance Light bulb Microwave oven Computer Vacuum cleaner Power rating 20 W 0·8 kW 300 W 1·7 kW

Which appliance costs most to operate for 1 hour? 1

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5. The diagram shows a fractionating tower which is used to separate crude oil into different products. Refinery gas 110° C Petrol Naphtha Diesel Heavy gas oil 350° C Bitumen (a) Which box shows the correct properties of petrol? 1 Low boiling point Low flammability Low viscosity High boiling point High flammability High viscosity 2 Low boiling point High flammability Low viscosity High boiling point Low flammability High viscosity

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Crude Oil

3

4

Box Number (b) Give a use for (i) naphtha. (ii) bitumen.

1

1 1

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6. Read the following passage and use the information to answer the questions. Immunisation of children against diphtheria, whooping cough and measles reduces the number of deaths caused by these diseases. Immunisation against diphtheria was introduced in 1941. Before 1941 this disease was the leading cause of child death in the UK. The introduction of immunisation led to a rapid decrease in the number of deaths. By the end of the 1950s, diphtheria had almost disappeared from the UK. Whooping cough immunisation started in 1951 and led to a sharp fall in the number of child deaths caused by this disease. However, in 1974, a report suggested a link between whooping cough immunisation and brain damage in some children. As a result, by 1978, the percentage of children being immunised decreased to only 30%. This led to large outbreaks of whooping cough in 1978 and 1982. Later research showed no link between whooping cough immunisation and brain damage. Immunisation uptake increased again and, by the late 1990s, 94% of children in the UK were being immunised. Measles immunisation started in 1968. The number of children being immunised gradually increased to 52% by 1981. However, there were still 90 000 recorded cases of measles in 1981. By 1992, uptake of measles immunisation increased to 90% and recorded cases fell to 9000. (a) Which disease was the leading cause of child death before 1941?

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1 (b) When did whooping cough immunisation start in the UK? 1 (c) Why were only 30% of children immunised against whooping cough in 1978?

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1 (d) Explain why the number of recorded cases of measles fell between 1981 and 1992.

1

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7. Hamish investigated heat loss from different cups, each containing 100ml of hot water.

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A

thermometer

B

C

5 mm thick polystyrene

8 mm thick polystyrene

5 mm thick polypropene

D

E

F

lid

5 mm thick polythene

10 mm thick polystyrene

5 mm thick polythene

(a) Which two experiments should Hamish use to compare the heat loss from polystyrene cups and polythene cups? Letters and 1

(b) What would Hamish be trying to find out if he compared experiments A, B and E? 1 (c) To make the investigation fair, Hamish used the same volume of water in each container. Give another factor which he should keep the same. 1

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8. Minerals are needed by the body to prevent deficiency diseases. Different food sources can supply these minerals in a healthy diet. The mineral calcium is needed to help prevent a deficiency disease called rickets. Milk is a good food source of calcium. Anaemia is the deficiency disease caused by having a lack of iron in the diet. Red meat is a good food source of this mineral. Insufficient iodine in the diet can cause the deficiency disease known as goitre. Seafood is a good food source of the minerals iodine and fluorine. A diet which is low in fluorine is a cause of osteoporosis. Present this information in a table with suitable headings.

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3 9. Environmental factors affect where animals or plants live. For example, lack of water in deserts means that few animals and plants survive there. Give two other examples of environmental factors that affect where an animal or plant can live. 1 2 2

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10. The graph shows the number and type of lichens found on trees in three towns. 7 6 5 Number 4 of lichens per square 3 metre 2 1 0 Ashby Woodside Town (a) In which town were there 4 leafy lichens per square metre? Oakhaven

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branched lichen leafy lichen crusty lichen

1 (b) Calculate the total number of lichen per square metre in Woodside. Space for working

Answer (c) Which town had the lowest level of air pollution? Explain your answer. Town Explanation

1

1

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11. (a) The diagram shows part of the human body. A B C D

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E

Which letter shows (i) a rib? Letter 1 1

(ii) the diaphragm? Letter (b) Complete the following sentences by circling the correct answer in each box. When you breathe in, your rib cage moves in . out

When you breathe out, your diaphragm moves

up . down

2

(c) Breathing in dangerous substances, such as carbon monoxide and solvents, causes damage to body organs. How are these dangerous substances carried from the lungs to other body organs? 1

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12. Four food chains from a Scottish seashore are shown below. 1. algae 2. algae 3. algae 4. algae sea urchin mussel mussel zooplankton herring gull dog whelk dog whelk prawn herring gull lobster

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(a) Use the four food chains to complete the food web below.

algae 3 (b) Green plants use light energy from the Sun to make food. Name the food that green plants make and store. 1 (c) Why is less energy lost in food chain 1 than in food chain 2? 1 (d) A disease killed all the sea urchins. Explain why this had little effect on the herring gull population.

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13. The table shows the tensile strength of four materials. Material Aluminium Polypropene Nylon Solder Present this information as a bar graph. (Additional graph paper may be found on Page twenty-three.) Tensile strength (MPa) 80 35 72 45

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3

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14. The table shows some information about some sharks. Type of Shark Basking Bull Tiger Whale White Zebra Method of reproduction lays eggs gives birth to live young lays eggs gives birth to live young gives birth to live young lays eggs Main food source plankton fish and invertebrates fish and invertebrates plankton seals and sea lions molluscs
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The graph shows the maximum length of each shark. 16 14 maximum length (m) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

Ba

Use the information to answer the following questions. (a) Which shark has a maximum length of 8 m and gives birth to live young? 1 (b) What is the maximum length of the shark that feeds on plankton and gives birth to live young? m (c) Two types of shark feed on fish and invertebrates. Which type has the greater length? [3700/29/01] Page twelve 1 1

Bu ll T ig er W ha le W hi te Ze br a
Type of shark

sk in g
15. Humans change the environment to meet their basic needs. These basic needs are shown in the box.

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Warmth Food Shelter Water Air

Which need is being met by (a) clearing land to build houses? 1 (b) building dams and reservoirs? 1 16. Complete the following sentences about toxic gases by circling the correct answer in each box. polyvinylchloride (PVC) polyurethane

Burning

produces hydrogen cyanide gas.

Burning polystyrene produces

hydrogen chloride carbon monoxide

gas.

2

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17. The effect of river water temperature on the numbers of two invertebrates is shown in the graph.

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stonefly larvae Increasing number of invertebrates mayfly larvae

2

4 6 8 10 River water temperature (° C)

12

Draw two conclusions from these results. 1

2 2

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18. Drinking alcohol and then driving greatly increases the risk of road accidents. Give one other example of how a person’s alcohol abuse can affect the lives of other people.

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1 19. The fuel economy of a new car was tested. The results are shown in the table below. Where car was driven city centre motorway country roads main roads suburbs Calculate the average fuel economy of the car. Space for working Fuel economy (litres/100 km) 8·5 6·4 7·3 7·1 8·2

Answer

litres/100 km [Turn over

2

 

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20. The apparatus shown below was used to compare the heat output of Marks KU PS different fuels. The increase in water temperature was measured for each fuel. thermometer beaker 500 ml of water

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fuel The results are shown in the table. Fuel methanol methanol ethanol ethanol propanol Mass of fuel burned (g) 1 2 1 2 1 Increase in water temperature (°C) 4 8 5 10 6

(a) Calculate the increase in water temperature when 5 g of ethanol are burned. Space for working

Answer

°C

1

(b) When 3 g of one of the fuels were burned the water temperature increased by 18 °C. Which fuel was burned? Space for working

Fuel [3700/29/01] Page sixteen

1

21. The boxes below show parts of the circulatory system. A D B E C F

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vein valve

red blood cell white blood cell

plasma artery

Which part (a) prevents blood from flowing backwards? Box letter (b) carries blood back to the heart? Box letter (c) protects the body by destroying bacteria? Box letter [Turn over 1 1 1

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22. The bar graph shows life expectancy in different countries. 80 70 60 Life 50 expectancy (years) 40 30 20 10 0 Japan Brazil Armenia Afghanistan Women Men
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Country (a) In which country do men have a longer life expectancy than women? 1 (b) In which country is the life expectancy for women 4 years more than for men? 1 (c) What is the difference in the life expectancy of men in Japan and Afghanistan? Space for working

Answer

years

1

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23. Different fuels are used to produce energy. (a) Which of the following describes coal, oil and natural gas? A They are fossil fuels and their supply is unlimited. B They are renewable fuels and their supply is unlimited. C They are fossil fuels and their supply is finite. D They are renewable fuels and their supply is finite. Underline the correct answer. (b) Name two gases produced when coal burns. 1 2 (c) Nuclear fuel is used in some power stations.

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1

2

Nuclear fuel
turbine turbine

reactor

(i) Complete the sentences to describe how a nuclear power station works. In the reactor, the nuclear fuel gives out heat energy. The heat energy is used to change water into This is used to turn the blades of the turbine. The turbine drives the (ii) Give one disadvantage of using nuclear fuel. 1 [Turn over [3700/29/01] Page nineteen to make electricity. 2 .
24. (a) The box shows some properties of materials. good corrosion resistance low wear resistance high thermal conductivity good flexibility low thermal conductivity high electrical conductivity

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Choose the most important property from the box for each product given in the table below. Material product is made from expanded polystyrene galvanised steel 2 Most important property of the material

Product Drinking cup Fence wire

(b) The properties of steel can be improved by adding different elements. Complete the table below. Element(s) added to steel Carbon Nickel and Improved property of steel increased increased corrosion resistance increased wear resistance 2

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25. A lighting engineer was investigating the type of lighting required for different areas of an art gallery.

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Light intensity (lumens)

Power rating (watts) Incandescent bulb 60 75 100 150 200 Fluorescent bulb 12 15 20 30 40

500 900 1200 1750 2600

(a) Draw two conclusions from these results. 1

2 2 (b) Predict the power rating of a fluorescent bulb with a light intensity of 1000 lumens. watts [Turn over [3700/29/01] Page twenty-one 1
26. Margot measured the current flowing through wires of different lengths. The table below shows her results. Length of wire (cm) Current (amps) 20 9·6 40 4·8 60 3·2 80 2·4 100 2·0

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(a) Present this information as a line graph. (Additional graph paper may be found on Page twenty-three.)

3

Length of wire (cm) (b) Predict the current flowing through a wire of length 120 cm. amps [END OF QUESTION PAPER] 1

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