2) Project Specification:
Title:
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) on Free-fall lifeboat
Alternatives:
Solar thermal:
The alternative is solar thermal, it’s a technology that uses the power of the sun to heat water.
It is a collection of flat plate panels or evacuated tube panels are installed on the roof of an object. In the panel there is material called non-toxic freeze proof solar fluid is heated by the sun then the operation continue by pumping
the material inside the hot water tank through a pipe coiling, which increase the heat of water in the tank. Then a hot water will be available for using. After that the process will act as a backward operation by pumping the solar
fluid to the panel, where the sun once again heats it.
In fact, the system is able to afford the object with hot water for about 70-80%. However during the winter that amount of daylight hours will drop slightly.
Furthermore, the size of the solar thermal flat plate panels is compact line solar thermal collectors with black anodized frame. Every panel is 2039mm x 1139mm x 80mm, with an absorber surface of 2.15 m2, and a gross area of
2.32 m2.
Wind Turbines:
Alternatively, Wind turbines harness the wind’s energy to create electricity. The wind turns the blades and during that rotation its run the turbine of the generator, which will result an electrical current. Besides, wind turbines can
supply electricity and that electricity can be used as a power for electric heating system such as night storage heaters. As well the size of a wind turbine is depend on its potential output. In that case the systems can handle a
range from hundred Watts to above seven Megawatts (MW).
In contrast, there many disadvantage of that system for instance wind turbine will require some maintenance due to its small-scale and that maintenance to ensure continues of the performance and expectancy of life span.
However various types of systems require an annual maintenance check-up, which is why they are designed with a tilt up tower to enable this. In comparison with the other systems will require less servicing.
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(2)
To sum up, the process of the wind turbine split into different stages like,
1. The wind passes over the blades and makes them turn (kinetic energy)
2. The blades turn a shaft within the nacelle (the box at the top of the turbine)
3. Traditionally, the shaft connects to a gear box which increases the rotational speed enough for the generator. However, some turbines, including the Enercon E70s that we have just installed at our wind farm in Delabole, utilise
a direct drive, gearless technology. You can read more about this here.
4. The generator then converts the rotational energy into electrical energy.
5. The power output then goes into an inverter which converts the DC (direct current) electricity coming out of the generator into AC (alternating current) electricity.
6. A transformer is used to convert the electricity to the right voltage for the local distribution network, typically 11,000 V – 33,000 V.
Solar PV:
Photovoltaic (PV) cells convert radiation from the sun into electricity. A typical PV cell consists of a wafer of semi-conducting material, usually silicon, manufactured with two electrically different layers. When sunlight hits the
cell it excites the electrons within the silicon, creating an electric field across the layers and causing a flow of electricity.
Furthermore, solar PV systems are modular, their design offer the PV panels a great degree of flexibility, absorbing energy and specification. In practice, the size of a system is often determined by the available roof space or the
energy requirement of the property. A standard 1kWp PV array will occupy at least 8m² of roof.
In addition, there are various kinds of PV cell like monocrystalline cells are made from a single large crystal of silicon – this cell is more efficient with a good performance in low conditions, however they are bit expensive.
On the other hand, Polycrystalline cells are manufactured from cast blocks of silicon that contains a small materials like crystals and those crystals their efficiency is lower than Monocrystalline cells.
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(3)
In practice, for a typical residential property, there are various performances of these different systems.
1. When the Solar PV types are fixed on the roof.
2. During the day the PV cells within the modules convert sunlight into DC (Direct Current) electricity.
3. The DC electricity enters the inverter, which converts the DC electricity in to AC (Alternating Current) electricity.
4. The AC electricity is then sent to the main distribution board for use in the building.
As far as the researcher, solar PV panels are the most suitable type for a free-fall lifeboat due to the flexibility of it angle, also it can generate energy in daylight and even if the weather was cloudy. The facility can only be
supplied by this type of solar energy. In addition, there will be a small hybrid engine that is connected through a wire to supply the panels. The engine is made from steal and carbon fiber so this feature will not affect the stability
of the lifeboat due to its light weights almost 150 kg. This type of panel can generate 80 hours of electricity. By using this technology companies will save money that will be used for fuel. SOLAS could reach an agreement to
split the effort to let the Solar PV panel generate the electricity in a lifeboat such as running the navigation systems and radars. However the steering systems, pumps and generators will function on the diesel engine.
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