Question 1. 1. Select the proper symbolization of the following statement, where A is “life is beautiful” and B is “life is painful.”
Life is beautiful and painful. (Points : 1)
A ∨ B
A → B
B → A
A & B
None of these
Question 2. 2. Identify the form of the following argument.
If I get a new job, then I will be able to afford a new car.
I am not going to get new job.
Therefore, I will not be able to afford a new car. (Points : 1)
Modus ponens
Modus tollens
Disjunctive syllogism
Hypothetical syllogism
Not a valid form
Question 3. 3. A truth table with two variables has how many lines? (Points : 1)
1
2
4
8
16
Question 4. 4. How can one tell if an argument is valid using a truth table? (Points : 1)
All the lines contain false conclusions.
All the premises in all lines are true.
There is no line in which the premises are true and conclusion is false.
There is at least one line in which the premises are true and the conclusion is false.
None of these
Question 5. 5. A sound argument is __________. (Points : 1)
a valid argument in which it is impossible to have true premises and a false conclusion
a valid argument with true premises and a false conclusion
an argument in which it is possible to have true premises and a true conclusion
a valid argument with true premises
All of these
Question 6. 6. A conjunction is __________. (Points : 1)
an “and” statement
an “if–then” statement
an “or” statement
an “if and only if” statement
None of these
Question 7. 7. “All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore Socrates is mortal” is what type of argument? (Points : 1)
Inductive
Deductive
Argument from definition
Invalid
Question 8. 8. A valid argument is __________. (Points : 1)
an argument in which it is impossible to have true premises and a false conclusion
an argument with true premises and a false conclusion
an argument in which it is possible to have true premises and a true conclusion
an argument that necessarily has true premises and a true conclusion
All of these
Question 9. 9. How does one create a Venn diagram of the statement “All S are P”? (Points : 1)
Shade the area inside the P circle but outside the S circle.
Put an “x” in the intersection of the S and P circles.
Shade the area inside of the S circle but outside of the P circle.
Put an “x” on each side of the line at the edge of the P circle within the S circle.
Question 10. 10. How do we know that the conclusion of a sound argument is true? (Points : 1)
We don’t, some sound arguments have false conclusions.
It is highly probable if the argument is strong enough.
The fact that it is true follows from the definition of soundness.
It is part of the definition of soundness .
Question 11. 11. Select the proper symbolization of the following statement, where B is “I will buy a new computer” and C is “my computer crashes.”
I will buy a new computer only if my current computer crashes. (Points : 1)
B & C
B Ú C
B ® C
C ® B
None of these
Question 12. 12. A categorical statement is one that _____________. (Points : 1)
makes a statement about two categories
is a statement of propositional logic
is part of a valid argument
is always true
Question 13. 13. “Some computers are Macs” is which type of statement? (Points : 1)
Universal affirmative
Universal negative
Particular affirmative
Particular negative
None of these
Question 14. 14. Negation is __________. (Points : 1)
an “and” statement
an “if–then” statement
an “or” statement
an “if and only if” statement
None of these
Question 15. 15. How should one create a Venn diagram of the statement “No As are Bs”? (Points : 1)
Shade the area inside the B circle but outside the A circle.
Shade the area in the overlap of the A and B circles.
Shade the area inside of the A circle but outside of the B circle.
Put an “x” in the overlap between the A and B circles.
Question 16. 16. What does it mean for an argument to be invalid? (Points : 1)
It has a false premise.
It is possible for all of its premises to be true and its conclusion is false.
The conclusion is stronger than the premises.
The reasoning does not apply anymore.
Question 17. 17. Identify the form of the following argument.
If the media is biased, then consumers will be in danger of not being presented all the facts.
The media is biased.
Therefore, consumers will be in danger of not being presented all the facts. (Points : 1)
Modus ponens
Modus tollens
Disjunctive syllogism
Hypothetical syllogism
Not a valid form
Question 18. 18. How should one create a Venn diagram of the statement “Some As are Bs”? (Points : 1)
Shade the area inside the B circle but outside the A circle.
Shade the area in the overlap of the A and B circles.
Shade the area inside of the A circle but outside of the B circle.
Put an “x” in the overlap between the A and B circles.
Question 19. 19. Which of the following is true of categorical statements? (Points : 1)
They are always true.
They are not claims.
They always have an “and,” “not,” or “or.”
They have quantity and quality.
Question 20. 20. “All bumblebees are smooglewumps” is which type of statement? (Points : 1)
Universal affirmative
Universal negative
Particular affirmative
Particular negative
None of these