answer this study guide.
I. Introduction
A. Hierarchy of structural organization
i. List the various levels of structural organization in the human body (i.e. from atom to organism)
ii. List the 12 organ systems of the body.
II. Homeostasis
A. Define
B. Feedback mechanism
i. Negative feedback
1. Chief mechanism involved in the maintence of homeostasis
2. Be able to describe a couple of examples
ii. Positive feedback
1. Not many examples
2. How is it different from negative feedback?
III. Basic chemistry
A. Composition of matter
i. Review basic chemistry from lecture notes; understand the following: atom, molecule, element, compound, protons, neutrons, electrons,
ii. Composition of the human body (elements)
1. What are the 4 major elements found in the human body and in what % do they occur?
B. Chemical Bonds
i. Understand the differences between ionic, covalent and hydrogen bonds.
ii. Be able to cite some examples of each of these three types of binding
iii. Understand the terms: ion, cation, anion
C. Chemical Reactions
i. Identify a synthesis, decomposition, exchange reaction
IV. Biochemistry.
A. Inorganic Compounds
i. Water, salts, acids and bases, the pH scale and provide examples of acids and bases. Know what the pH of blood and extra cellular tissue.
B. Organic Compounds
i. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and ATP
V. Cells.
A. Plasma membrane
i. Be able to draw and describe the components of a “typical” plasma membrane.
ii. Understand the following specializations of plasma membranes, protein pores, gap junctions
iii. Membrane transport
1. Passive process: understand diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis. What types of molecules diffuse through the phospholipids bilayer?
What types must pass through a protein pore? What molecules move across by facilitated diffusion.
B. Parts of a generalized cell.
i. Be able to identify and give a function for each of the following:
1. Endoplastic reticulum (rough and smooth) ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, cytoplasm, nucleus.
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