Arab-Israeli conflict

The evolution of Israeli and Palestinian politics are often organised into different phases, marked by eruptions of war and periods of

relative quiet/peace. Through the lens of one or more case-examples, discuss the aftermath and impact of one such ‘event’ (i.e. before

and after 1948; before and after 1967; before and after 1973/1979; before and after 1988/1991; before and after 2000; etc…).

(2500 words excluding notes)

Lecture One (Week 1: 23.09.15)
Gaza as a microcosm: understanding the Arab-Israeli conflict

Key points: Starting from the most recent conflict of July-August 2014 – introducing some of the key actors (Israel, Palestinians, US,

Egypt) in order to understand the realities of the present-day conflict, its historical evolution and the relevance of the past to the

present and vice versa. We will also discuss the different ways of framing and understanding the conflict: settler-colonial, religious,

national, geopolitical dimensions.

Required Readings
• Jonathan B. Isacoff, “Writing the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Historical Bias and the Use of History in Political Science,”

Perspectives on Politics 3(1): 71-88 (2005)
• Sari Nusseibeh, “A formula for narrative selection: comments on “writing the Arab-Israeli conflict” Perspectives on Politics 3

(1) (2005)
• Operation Protective Edge. Special issue of Journal of Palestine Studies, 44:1 (Autumn) (2014)
• Samer Badawi, “+972’s Story of the Year: Gaza”, +972 Magazine (December 30th, 2014), Available online at

http://972mag.com/972s-story-of-the-year-gaza/100699/

Additional Key Readings
Background – situating the conflict in an analytical frame
• Gershon Shafir, Land, Labor and the Origins of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict 1882-1914, London: University of California

Press (1996), Introduction pp. 1-21
• Past in Present: Settler Colonialism in Palestine. Special issue of Settler Colonial Studies 2:1 (2012)
• Oren Yiftachel, “’Ethnocracy’: the Politics of Judaising Israel/Palestine”, Consetellations, Vol. 6 (1999): pp. 364-391
http://www.geog.bgu.ac.il/members/Yiftachel/new_papers_eng/Constellations-print.htm

Some background literature (on Gaza)
• Gideon Levy, The Punishment of Gaza (2010)
• Khaled Hroub, Hamas: political thought and practice (2000)
• Lisa Hajjar, “Is Gaza Occupied and Why Does it Matter”, Jadaliyya (July 14th, 2014)
• Samera Esmeir, “Colonial Experiments in Gaza”, Jadaliyya (July 14th, 2014)

Reports & News Sources (google yourself, using the following as guides)
• http://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/37695-140720-clashes-between-israelis-over-gaza-war
• http://thinkprogress.org/world/2014/07/14/3459100/timeline-how-war-returned-to-gaza/
• Gaza Still in Ruins, a Year After the War (July 2015): http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/07/gaza-war-150708062258665.html
• Gaza-Israel Conflict: Is the fighting Over? (August 2014):
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-28252155
• UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC), Report of the independent commission of
inquiry established pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution S-21/1, 2015
• Breaking the Silence, This Is How We Fought in Gaza: Soldiers’ Testimonies and Photographs from Operation Protective Edge

(2014), 2015http://www.breakingthesilence.org.il/pdf/ProtectiveEdge.pdf
• Neve Gordon, “The Day After”, LRB Online (May 4 2015)
http://www.lrb.co.uk/2015/05/04/neve-gordon/the-day-after

Lecture Two (Week 2: 30/09/15)
19th Century Realities – the birth (and clashes) of Zionism and Palestinian-Arab Nationalism

Key points: The Foundations of the conflict: The Ottoman Empire, Arab nationalism and Palestinian lives before their encounters with

Zionism. The emergence of the Zionist movement in 19th century Europe, Zionist immigration to Palestine, the birth of the settler-

colonial project and the myths of the early ‘pioneers’.

Required Readings
• Rashid Khalidi, Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness (1997). Chapter 5: Elements of Identity

I: Peasant Resistance to Zionist Settlement, pp.89 – 117
• Avi Shlaim, Iron Wall (2000). Prologue: The Zionist Foundations, pp. 1-28
• Gershon Shafir, “Zionism and Colonialism: A Comparative Approach”, in Ilan Pappe (ed), The Israel/Palestine Question (1999),

pp. 81-96.
• Baruch Kimmerling, Clash of Identities (2008). Chapter 3: The Formation Process of Palestinian Collective Identities: The

Ottoman and Colonial Periods, pp. 58-84

Additional Key Readings
• Aharon Bregman, A History of Israel (2002)
• William L. Cleveland, A History of the Modern Middle East (2000)
• Beshara Doumani, Rediscovering Palestine: Merchants and Peasants in Jabal Nablus, 1700-1900 (1995)
• Beshara Doumani, “Rediscovering Ottoman Palestine: writing Palestinians into history, in Ilan Pappe (ed), The Israel/Palestine

Question (1999), pp. 11-40
• Martin Gilbert, A History of Israel (1998)
• Theodore Herzl, Der Judenstaat. [The Jewish State] e-book
• Douglas Little, American Orientalism: The United States and the Middle East since 1945 (2004)
• Zachary Lockman, Contending Visions of the Middle East: The History and Politics of Orientalism (2005)
• A.L. Macfie, Orientalism (2003)
• Peter Mansfield, A History of the Middle East (1992)
• Ritchie Ovendale, The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Wars (1992)
• A. Rubinstein, The Zionist Dream Revisited (1984)
• Howard Sachar, A History of Israel (1998)
• Edward Said, Orientalism (2003)
• Kirsten Schulze, The Arab-Israeli Conflict (1999)
• Charles Smith, Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict (1996)
• Malcolm Yapp, The Making of the Modern Near East, (1987)
Lecture Three (Week 3: 7.10.15)
The British Mandate in Palestine: immigration, violence and the logic of partition

Key points: The Balfour Declaration 1917. The various phases of the British mandate, 1920-48. The anti-Jewish riots of the early 1920s

and the Wailing Wall outrages. The Arab Revolt, 1936-39: causes, course and consequence. The partition plans of the late 1930s. The

1939 White Paper.The Second World War.Finally, UN Partition Plan, Jewish terrorism, 1945-48, and reasons for Britain’s departure from

Palestine.

Required Readings
• Amir Bar-Or, “The Making of Israel’s Political-Security Culture”, in Gabriel Sheffer and Oren Barak (eds), Militarism and

Israeli Society, pp. 259-279
• Baruch Kimmerling and Joel S. Migdal, Palestinian People: A History (2003). Chapter 4: The Arab Revolt, 1936-1939, pp. 102-134
• Zachary Lockman, “Railway Workers and Relational History: Arabs and Jews in British-ruled Palestine, in Ilan Pappe (ed), The

Israel/Palestine Question (1999), pp. 99-128
• Walid Khalidi, One century after World War I and the Balfour Declaration: Palestine and Palestine studies (2014) online at

https://www.opendemocracy.net/arab-awakening/walid-khalidi/one-century-after-world-war-i-and-balfour-declaration-palestine-and-pal
• Shira Robinson, Citizen Strangers: Palestinians and the Birth of Israel’s Liberal Settler State (2013), Chapter 1: From

Settlers to Sovereigns, pp. 11-28

Additional Key readings
• J. Bowyer Bell, Terror Out of Zion: Israeli Fight for Independence (1996)
• D.A. Charters, The British Army and Jewish Insurgency in Palestine, 1945-47 (1989)
• David Charters, ‘Eyes of the Underground: Jewish Insurgent Intelligence in Palestine, 1945-7’, Intelligence and National

Security, 13/4, 1998, pp.163-77. In 2B collection.
• David Fromkin, A Peace to End All Peace: Creating the Modern Middle East, 1914-1922 (1991)
• Alan Hart, Arafat: Terrorist or Peacemaker? (1984)
• Joseph Heller, The Stern Gang: Ideology, Politics and Terror, 1940-1949 (London 1995)
• Joseph Heller, The birth of Israel, 1945-1949: Ben-Gurion and his critics (2000)
• Joseph Heller, ‘A Failure of a Mission: Bernadotte and Palestine 1948’, Journal of Contemporary History, XIV, July 1979,

pp.515-34.
• A.W. Kayyali, Palestine: A Modern History (1978)
• Vladimir Ze’ev Jabotinsky, The Iron Wall (1923)
Online at: https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Zionism/ironwall.html
• W. Khalidi, Before Their Diaspora: A Photographic History of the Palestinians (1984)
• Elie Kedourie, England and the Middle East: The Destruction of the Ottoman Empire 1914-21 (1987)
• Walter Laqueur, The History of Zionism (2003)
• Walter Laqueur, ‘Victory into Defeat’ (book review), Times Literary Supplement, 21 April 2006 (copies in library or from

tutor’s office).
• J. Migdal, Palestinian Society and Politics (1980)
• Elizabeth Monroe, Britain’s moment in the Middle East 1914-1971 (1981)
• M. Muslih, The Origins of Palestinian Nationalism (1988)
• Jacqueline Rose, The Question of Zion (2006).
• Naomi Shepherd, Ploughing Sand: British Rule in Palestine, 1917-1948 (1995).
• A.J. Sherman, Mandate Days: British Lives in Palestine, 1918-1948 (1997)

Lecture Four (Week 4: 14.10.15)
1948 war: Triumph and Nakba

Key points: The events of 1947-1949. The importance of the historiographical debate for understanding the Arab-Israeli conflict.The

different ‘schools’ of historiography from the ‘old’ or ‘mobilised’ history to the ‘new’ or ‘revisionist’ historians.The transformation

of Palestine, territorially, demographically and politically.

Required Reading
• Avi Shlaim, Iron Wall (2014), “Chapter One: Emergence of Israel”, pp. 28-53
• Rashid Khalidi, ‘Revisionist Views of the Modern History of Palestine 1948’, Arab Studies Quarterly, 10 (1988), 425-32. (PDF

copy on BBLearn).
• Walid Khalidi, ‘Plan Dalet: Master Plan for the Conquest of Palestine’, Journal of Palestine Studies, 18 (1988) pp. 4-20

Choose one from the following two:
• Rochelle Davis, “Matar ‘Abdelrahim: From a Palestinian Village to a Syrian Refugee Camp”, in Mark Levine and Gershon Shafir

(eds) Struggle and Survival in Palestine/Israel (2012), pp. 179-195
• Itamar Radai, “Jaffa, 1948: The Fall of a City”, The Journal of Israeli History, 30:1 (March, 2011), pp. 23-43

Additional Key readings
• N. Capitanchik, Review of Karsh’s Fabricating Israeli History in International Affairs 73/4 (October 1997), 824 (copy on e-

journals gateway).
• Neil Caplan, review article, ‘Zionism and the Arabs: Another look at the new historiography’, Journal of Contemporary History,

36/2 (2001), 345-60.
• Norman Finkelstein, Image and Reality of the Israeli-Palestine Conflict (2000)
• Simha Flapan, The Birth of Israel: Myths and Realities (1988) (tutor also has a copy)
• Joseph Heller, The birth of Israel, 1945-1949: Ben-Gurion and his critics (2000)
• Matthew Hughes, September 2000 review of Avi Shlaim’s Iron Wall in IHR Reviews in History series (go to

http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/reviewer.html#h)
• Matthew Hughes, September 2001 review of Shlaim and Rogan’s, War for Palestine in IHR Reviews in History series (go to

http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/reviewer.html#h).
• Efraim Karsh, Fabricating Israeli History: The New Historians (1997)
• Efraim Karsh, Israel at the Crossroads (1994)
• W. Khalidi, All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948 (1992)
• Nur Masalha, ‘A Critique on Benny Morris’, Journal of Palestine Studies, 21/1, Autumn 1991, pp.90-7.
• Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-49 (Cambridge 1988)
• Benny Morris, 1948 and After: Israel and the Palestinians (1994)
• Benny Morris, Righteous Victims (1999)
• Benny Morris, ‘Refabricating 1948’, Journal of Palestine Studies, 27/2, Winter 1998, pp.81-95.
• Ilan Pappe, The Israel/Palestine Question (1999)
• Eugene Rogan and Avi Shlaim, The War for Palestine (2001)
• Edward Said, Blaming the victims: spurious scholarship and the Palestinian question (1988)
• E Said, The Question of Palestine (1992)
• Anita Shapira, Land and Power (1999) (another good new-old perspective)
• Avi Shlaim, Iron Wall (2000)
• Avi Shlaim, ‘The Debate about 1948’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 27 (1995) pp.287-304.
• Avi Shlaim, ‘The War of the Israeli Historians’, copy of a lecture by Shlaim on the historiographical debate. Copy available

from tutor’s office (see also Avi Shlaim’s website at http://users.ox.ac.uk/~ssfc0005/

Lecture Five (Week 8: 11.11.15)
Israeli Politics and Society: 1949-1967

Key points: The transition from ‘Yishuv’ to Statehood. Israeli political system.Mapai and the opposition. The internal and external

political landscape: the first laws; military society & military regimes; constructing an ethno-national legal-land regime;

constructing diplomatic relations with the post-colonial Middle East; immigration to Israel and the formation of the Israeli social

structure – Mizrahi and Ashkenazi, Religious and secular, periphery and centre.

Required readings
• Ella Shohat, “Sephardim in Israel: Zionism from the Standpoint of Its Jewish Victims”. Social Text 19/20: 1-35 (1988)
• Baruch Kimmerling, The Invention and Decline of Israeliness: State, Society, and the Military. Berkeley: University of

California Press (2001). Chapters 3: The Invention and Decline of Israeliness, pp. 89-111.
• Shira Robinson, Citizen Strangers: Palestinians and the Birth of Israel’s Liberal Settler State (2013), Chapter 2: The

Formation of the Liberal Settler State, pp. 29-67
• Tom Segev, 1949: The First Israelis (1986), Chapter Eight: The Battle for the Sabbath, pp. 233 – 262
• Avi Shlaim, The Iron Wall (2014), Chapter Two: Consolidation (1953-1955), pp. 56-99

Additional Readings
• J. Adelman, The Rise of Israel: The History of a Revolutionary State (2007)
• M. Amirav, The Jerusalem Syndrome: The Palestinian-Israeli Battle for the Holy City (2009)
• G Ball and D Ball, The Passionate Attachment: America’s Involvement with Israel, 1947-present (1992)
• Guy Ben-Porat et al, Israel since 1980 (2008)
• A Bligh (ed.), The Israeli Palestinians: An Arab Minority in the Jewish State (2003)
• Bregman et al, The Fifty Years’ War: Israel and the Arabs (1998)
• A. Bregman, Israel’s Wars (2000)
• A. Bregman, A History of Israel (2002)
• S. Cohen, Israel and Its Army (2008)
• S. Cypel, Walled: Israeli Society at an Impasse (2006)
• U. Dan, Ariel Sharon: An Intimate Portrait (2006)
• David Engel, Zionism (2008)
• TG Fraser, The Arab-Israeli Conflict (1995)
• Robert O’Freedman, Contemporary Israel (2009)
• G. Gilder, The Israel Test (2009)
• Martin Gilbert, In Ishmael’s Land: A History of Jews in Arab Lands (2010)
• Nir Hefez and Gadi Bloom, Ariel Sharon: A Life (2006)
• Mohammed Heikal, Secret Channels: the inside story of Arab-Israeli peace negotiations (1996)
• E. Kaplan, The Jewish Radical Right: Revisionist Zionism and Its Ideological Legacy (2005)
• B. Kimmerling, Politicide: The Real Legacy of Ariel Sharon (2006)
• E. Karsh, The First Hundred Years (various volumes)
• Jon Kimche, Palestine or Israel: the untold story of why we failed (1973)
• Walter Laqueur, The History of Zionism (2003)
• L. Louer, To be an Arab in Israel (2007)
• Beverley Milton-Edwards, Conflicts in the Middle East since 1945 (2001)
• Benny Morris, Righteous Victims (1999)
• Ritchie Ovendale, The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Wars (1992)
• Yoav Peled, and Gershon Shafir. Being Israeli: The Dynamics of Multiple Citizenship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

(2002).
• Nurit Peled-Elhanan, Israeli School Books: Ideology and Propaganda in Israeli Schools (2011)
• Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs (1996)
• Gideon Rafael, Destination peace.Three decades of Israeli foreign policy: a personal memoir (1981)
• Howard Sachar, A History of Israel from the Rise of Zionism to Our Time (1996)
• Nadav Safran, Israel, the embattled ally (1981)
• Nadav Shelef, Evolving Nationalism: Homeland, Identity and Religion in Israel, 1925-2005 (2010)
• Y Sayigh and A Shlaim (eds), The Cold War and the Middle East (1997)
• Colin Shindler, Land Beyond Promise: Israel, Likud and the Zionist dream (2002)
• Colin Shindler, A History of Modern Israel (2008)
• Ella Shohat, “Sephardim in Israel: Zionism from the Standpoint of Its Jewish Victims”. Social Text 19/20: 1-35 (1988)
• Zeev Sternhell, “Introduction” in The Founding Myths of Israel. Princeton: Princeton University Press (1998)
• David Vital, Zionism: The Formative Years (1982) and The Crucial Phase (1987)
• Lilly Weissbrod, Israeli Identity (2003)
• I. Zertal, Lords of the Land: The War for Israel’s Settlements in the Occupied Territories (2007)
See also
• The review by Jonathan Freedland entitled ‘The Enigma of Ariel Sharon’ in the New York Review of Books (21 December 2006) (copy

available from tutor’s office)
Lecture Six (Week 11: 2.12.15)
Palestinian Politics and Society: The Evolution of Palestinian Nationalism

Key points: From Arab to Palestinian nationalism; the different Palestinian communities; the role of Egypt, Jordan and Syria in the

development of Palestinian nationalism; the rise of the PLO; the role of Yasser Arafat; armed struggle versus non-violent forms of

resistance; the different oppositional movements within the PLO.

Required Readings
• Baumgarten, Helga (2005) ‘Three Faces/ Phases of Palestinian Nationalism, 1948-2005’, Journal of Palestine Studies 34(4): 25-

48.
• Laleh Khalili, Heroes and Martyrs of Palestine, Chapter 3: Palestinian Lives and Local Institutions, pp.41-64 (2007)
• Faris Giacaman. “Political Representation and Armed Struggle”, Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 43, No. 1 (Autumn 2013), pp.

24-40
• Sayigh, Yezid (1997) Armed Struggle and The Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement, 1949-1993, Oxford University

Press. Read ‘Years of Revolution, 1967-1972’ and ‘Transforming Defeat into Opportunity’: 143-173.
• Rashid Khalidi, Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness (1997). Chapter 8: The Disappearance

and Re-emergence of Palestinian Identity, pp. 177 – 209

Additional Reading
• J Becker, The PLO: the rise and fall of the Palestine Liberation Organization (1984) (try SOAS or BL)
• Helena Cobban, The Palestine Liberation Organisation (1984)
• Zvi Elpeleg, The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement (London 1996)
• S. Farsoun, Palestine and the Palestinians (1997)
• As’ad Ghanem, The Palestinian regime: A Partial Democracy (2001)
• As’ad Ghanem, The Palestinian-Arab Minority in Israel (2001)
• Alan Hart, Arafat: Terrorist or Peacemaker? (1984)
• Michael Hudson, The Palestinians (1990)
• Rashid Khalidi, ‘The Disappearance and Reemergence of Palestinian Identity’ in Khalidi Palestinian Identity (1998) 2B

collection.
• R. Khalidi, Palestinian Identity (1998)
• W. Khalidi, All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948 (1992)
• W. Khalidi, Before Their Diaspora: A Photographic History of the Palestinians (1984)
• B Kimmerling, The Palestinian people: a history (2003), ch. 7, 8; pp. 214-273
• P Mattar, The Mufti of Jerusalem: Al-Hajj Amin al-Husayni and the Palestinian National Movement (1988)
• Philip Mattar, Encyclopaedia of the Palestinians (2000)
• David McDowell, The Palestinians: The Road to Nationhood (1995)
• J. Migdal, Palestinian Society and Politics (1980)
• Aaron Miller, The PLO and the politics of survival (1983)
• M. Muslih, The Origins of Palestinian Nationalism (1988)
• Jamal Nassar, The Palestine Liberation Organization: from armed struggle to the Declaration of Independence (1991)
• Ilan Pappe, A History of Modern Palestine (2005)
• I. Pappe, The Forgotten Palestinians: A History of the Palestinians in Israel (2011)
• RAND Corp., Building a Successful Palestinian State (2005)
• Nadim Rouhana, Palestinian Citizens in an Ethnic Jewish State (1997)
• Barry Rubin, The Transformation of Palestinian politics: From revolution to State-Building (1999)
• R. Sayigh, The Palestinians: From Peasants to Revolutionaries (1997)
• Moshe Shemesh, The Palestinian Entity, 1959-74: Arab Politics and the PLO (1996)
• Aryeh Yodfat, PLO strategy and politics (1981)

Lecture Seven (Week 12: 9.12.15)
Cultures of War I – The First Border Wars (1956, 1967 and in between)

Key points: The Middle East before and after the 1956 war and the ‘Suez campaign’; the evolution of Israel’s regional and international

foreign policy relations; the regional arena leading to the 1967 war; impact of the 1967 war on Israeli, Palestinian and regional

politics (the dissolution of pan-Arabism; the birth of the PLO); the evolution of militarism as the essence of civil relations in

Israel.

Required Reading:
• Avi Shlaim, Iron Wall (2014), Chapter four: The Road to Suez (1955-1957); Chapter Six: Poor Little Sampson (1963-1969), pp.

152-197; 232-284
• Martin Gilbert, Israel: A History (1998) Chapters 17-18 ‘Paths to War’ and ‘Sinai Campaign’, pp. 306-328
• Baruch Kimmerling, Politicide: Ariel Sharon’s War Against the Palestinians (2003). Chapters 7: Sharon’s First Round & 8: An

Officer but not a Gentleman, pp. 46-68
• Uri Ben-Eliezer, “A Nation-in-Arms: State, Nation, and Militarism in Israel’s First Years”. Society for Comparative Study of

Society and History, 37:2(April, 1995), pp. 264-285

Further reading:
• Orna Almog, Britain, Israel and the US 1955-1958, Beyond Suez (2003)
• Ahron Bregman, The Fifty Years’ War: Israel and the Arabs (1998)
• John Darwin, Britain and Decolonisation (1988)
• Roy Fullick, Suez: the double war (1979)
• Motti Golani, Israel in search of a war: the Sinai Campaign, 1955-1956 (1998)
• Mohammad Heikal, Cutting the Lion’s Tail: Suez through Egyptian Eyes (1986)
• R. Holland, European Decolonisation (1985)
• Kent, John, Egypt and the Defence of the Middle East (1998) 3 Vols. A very useful collection of primary documents including a

long and detailed introduction.
• Keith Kyle, Suez (1991)
• Selwyn Lloyd, Suez 1956: a personal account (1978)
• Wm. Roger Louis and Roger Owen (eds), Suez 1956: The Crisis and its Consequences (1989)
• K. Love, Suez: the twice-fought war (1970)
• W. Scott Lucas, Britain and Suez: The Lion’s Last Roar (1996)
• W. Scott Lucas, Divided We Stand: Britain, the US and the Suez Crisis (1991)
• Benny Morris, Righteous Victims (1999)
• Benny Morris, Israel’s Border Wars, 1949-1956: Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War (1997)
• Anthony Nutting, No end of a lesson: the story of Suez (1967)
• Ritchie Ovendale, The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Wars (1992)
• Y. Sayigh and A. Shlaim (eds), The Cold War and the Middle East (1997)
• Avi Shlaim, Iron Wall (2000)
• David Tal, ‘Israel’s Road to the 1956 War’, International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 28/1 (1996) (on e-journal

electronic gateway)
• Hugh Thomas, The Suez Affair (1967)
• S.I. Troen and M. Shemesh, The Suez-Sinai Crisis, 1956: Retrospective and Reappraisal (1990)
• ‘Sharon’s 1953 Qibya raid revisited: excerpts from Moshe Sharett’s Diaries’ in Journal of Palestine Studies, Summer 2002, 77-

98.

1967 War
• I. Abu-Lughod, The Arab-Israeli confrontation of June 1967 (1970)
• Randolph Churchill, The six day war (1967)
• A Jay Cristol, The Liberty Incident: The 1967 Israeli Attack on the US Navy Spy Ship (2002)
• Review by Norman Finkelstein entitled ‘How the Arab-Israeli war of 1967 gave birth to a memorial industry’ in the London Review

of Books, 6 January 2000 of Peter Novick’s The Holocaust in American Life.
• J. Bowen, Six Days: How the 1967 War shaped the Middle East (2003)
• William Quandt, Peace Process: American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli Conflict since 1967 (2005)
• Herbert Druks, The Uncertain Friendship: The US and Israel from Roosevelt to Kennedy (2001)
• Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, ,The Israeli-Egyptian war of attrition, 1969-1970: a case study of limited local war (1980)
• Tom Segev, 1967: Israel, the War, and the Year That Transformed the Middle East (2008).

Lecture Eight

Cultures of War II – The Road to Normalisation
Key points: The October 1973 war and its repercussions; new enemies, new allies and the 1979 peace treaty; the evolving Palestinian

armed resistance movements; the break in labour hegemony in Israeli politics; the colonisation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip; Sabra

and Shatilla, the war on Lebanon’s borders, and the birth of Israeli peace movements.

• Baruch Kimmerling, The Invention and Decline of Israeliness: State, Society, and the Military. Berkeley: University of

California Press (2001). Chapter 4: The End of Hegemony and the Onset of Cultural Plurality, pp.112-129
• Charles Smith, Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A History with Documents (2013), pp.301-329
• Yezid Sayigh, Armed Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement, 1949-1993 (1999). Part II: Years of

Revolution, 1967-1972, pp. 143- 173.
• Kirsten Schulze, The Arab-Israeli Conflict (2008), Chapter 7: The 1982 Lebanon War

The New Israeli Politics
• Nigel Ashton, The Cold War in the Middle East: Regional Conflict and the Superpowers, 1967-73 (2007)
• Sydney Bailey, Four Arab-Israeli wars and the peace process (1990)
• Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, The Israeli-Egyptian war of attrition, 1969-1970: a case study of limited local war (1980)
• A. Bregman, Israel’s Wars (2000)
• D. Dallek, Support any friend: Kennedy’s Middle East and the Making of the US-Israel Alliance (2003)
• Trevor Dupuy, Elusive victory: the Arab-Israeli wars, 1947-1974 (1978) (SOAS or BL libraries)
• Norman G. Finkelstein, The Holocaust industry: reflections on the exploitation of Jewish suffering (2003)
• Chaim Herzog, Arab-Israeli Wars (1984)
• G. Gorenburg, The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967-1977 (2007)
• Beverley Milton-Edwards, Conflicts in the Middle East since 1945 (2001)
• Peter Novick, The Holocaust in American Life (1999)
• Ritchie Ovendale, The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Wars (1992)
• Ami Pedhazur, The Triumph of Israel’s Radical Right (2012) [not in library]
• Yoav Peled, and Gershon Shafir. Being Israeli: The Dynamics of Multiple Citizenship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

(2002).
• Uri Ram, The Globalization of Israel: Mcworld in Tel Aviv, Jihad in Jerusalem. London: Routledge (2007)
• Avi Raz, The Bride and the Dowry: Israel, Jordan and the Palestinians in the Aftermath of the June 1967 War (2012)
• Howard Sachar, A History of Israel from the Rise of Zionism to Our Time (1996)
• Y. Sayigh and A. Shlaim (eds), The Cold War and the Middle East (1997)
• Tom Segev, Elvis in Jerusalem: Post-Zionism and the Americanization of Israel. New York: Metropolitan Books (2002)
• Tom Segev, ‘The June 1967 War and the Palestinian Refugee Problem’, Journal of Palestine Studies 36/3 (Spring 2007), 6-23
• Colin Shindler, The Triumph of military Zionism: Nationalism and the origins of the Israeli right (2006)
• Zeev Sternhell, The Founding Myths of Israel. Princeton: Princeton University Press (1998)
• Malcolm Yapp, The Near East since the First World War (London 1991)

About the 1973 war
• Sydney Bailey, Four Arab-Israeli wars and the peace process (1990)
• Uri Bar-Joseph, ‘Last Chance to Avoid War: Sadat’s Peace Initiative of February 1973 and its Failure’, Journal of Contemporary

History 41/3 (July 2006), 545-66.
• Uri Bar-Joseph, ‘The Intelligence Chief who went Fishing in the Cold: how Maj Gen Eli Zeira Exposed the Identity of Israel’s

best source ever’, Intelligence and National Security 23/3 (April 2008)226-48.
• Uri Bar-Joseph, ‘Strategic Surprise or Fundamental Flaws? The Source of Israel’s Military Defeat at the beginning of the 1973

War’, Journal of Military History 72/2 (April 2008), 509-30.
• Uri Bar-Joseph, The Watchman Fell Asleep: The Surprise of Yom Kippur and its Sources (2005)
• M. Bowker and P. Williams, ‘Detente and the Middle East War of 1973’ in Bowker and Williams, Superpower Detente: A Reappraisal

(1988).
• A. Bregman, Israel’s Wars (2000) (includes the double agent thesis)
• A. Bregman, A History of Israel (2002) (includes the double agent thesis)
• Simon Dunstan, The Yom Kippur War 1973: Golan Heights (2003)
• Trevor Dupuy, Elusive victory: the Arab-Israeli wars, 1947-1974 (1978) (in SOAS or BL libraries)
• Martin Gilbert, The Arab-Israeli conflict: its history in maps (1979)
• Mohammad Heikal, Road to Ramadan (1975)
• Chaim Herzog, Chaim, Arab-Israeli Wars (1984)
• Chaim Herzog, War of Atonement (1975)
• Matthew Hughes, Matthew, ‘The October 1973 Arab-Israeli War: Crisis Management and Coercive Bargaining’, RUSI Journal, April

2000, pp.86-92 (copy in tutor’s office)
• P.R. Kumaraswamy, Revisiting the Yom Kippur War (1999)
• John Lynn, ‘Crossing the Canal: Egyptian Effectiveness and Military Culture in the October War’ in John Lynn, Battle (2003)
• Elizabeth Monroe and Sir Anthony Farrar- Hockley, Arab-Israel War, October 1973 (1975: International Institute for Strategic

Studies) (copy in tutor’s office)
• Ritchie Ovendale, The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Wars (1992)
• Richard Parker, The October War (2001)
• Public Diary of President Sadat: The Road to War (October 1970-October 1973) (edited by Raphael Israeli (1978)
• Abraham Rabinovich, Yom KippurWar (2004)
• Scott Sagan, ‘Lessons of the Yom Kippur Alert’, Foreign Policy, 36, Fall 1979, pp.160-77 (on library e-journals gateway)
• James Young, ‘The Heights of Ineptitude: The Syrian Army’s Assault on the Golan heights’, Journal of Military History 75/3

(July 2010), pp. 847-70 (copy in tutor’s office).

Egyptian Peace Process
• Chapters 8 and 9 ‘Disengagement’ and ‘Peace with Israel’ in Avi Shlaim, Iron Wall (2000), pp. 325-83
• Gershon Shafir, ‘The Miscarriage of Peace’, Israel Studies Forum, Summer 2006.
• I. William Zartman, Chapter 2 ‘The Failure of Diplomacy’ in Richard Parker (ed), The October War: A Retrospective (2001) pp.

17-78
• A. Bregman, Israel’s Wars (2010) Chapter 4 ‘War and Peace’ pp. 102-144
• Sydney Bailey, Four Arab-Israeli wars and the peace process (1990)
• A. Bregman, The Fifty Years’ War: Israel and the Arabs (1998)
• A. Bregman, A History of Israel (2001)
• A. Bregman, Israel’s Wars (2000)
• William Cleveland, A History of the Modern Middle East (2000)
• Joseph Finklestone, Anwar Sadat: Visionary who Dared (1997)
• T.G. Fraser, The Arab-Israeli Conflict (1995)
• Robert Freedman, Israel in the Begin era (1982)
• Sami Hadawi, Bitter Harvest: a modern history of Palestine (1991
• Alan Hart, Arafat: Terrorist or Peacemaker? (1984)
• Mohammad Heikal, Secret Channels: the inside story of Arab-Israeli peace negotiations (1996)
• Mohammad Heikal, Road to Ramadan (1975)
• Matthew Hughes, ‘The October 1973 Arab-Israeli War: Crisis Management and Coercive Bargaining’, RUSI Journal, April 2000,

pp.86-92. Copy in tutor’s office.
• Insight on the Middle East War (Sunday Times Insight Team 1974) Excellent book on the course of the 1973 war (good if you like

military history) (copy in tutor’s office)
• P.R. Kumaraswamy, Revisiting the Yom Kippur War (1999)
• David Lesch, 1979: The Year that Shaped the Modern Middle East (2001)
• Yehuda Lukacs, The Israeli-Palestinian conflict: a documentary record (1992)
• Peter Mansfield, A History of the Middle East (1992)
• Paul Marantz et al (eds), Peace-making in the Middle East: problems and prospects (1985)
• Benny Morris, Righteous Victims (1999)
• Ritchie Ovendale, The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Wars (1992)
• Ilan Peleg, Begin’s foreign policy, 1977-1983: Israel’s move to the right (1987)
• William Polk, The elusive peace: the Middle East in the twentieth century (1979)
• William Quandt, The Middle East: ten years after Camp David (1988)
• William Quandt, Peace Process: American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli conflict since 1967 (2001)
• Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin memoirs (1996)
• Gideon Rafael, Destination peace.Three decades of Israeli foreign policy: a personal memoir (1981)
• Mahmoud Riad, The Struggle for Peace in the Middle East (1981)
• Howard Sachar, A History of Israel from the Rise of Zionism to Our Time (1996)
• Scott Sagan, ‘Lessons of the Yom Kippur Alert’, Foreign Policy, 36, Fall 1979, pp.160-77. On library e-journals gateway.
• Anwar Sadat, In Search of Identity (1978)
• Patrick Seale, Asad of Syria: the struggle for the Middle East (1988)
• Avi Shlaim, Iron Wall (2000)
• Charles Smith, Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict (1996)
• Malcolm Yapp, The Near East since the First World War (London 1991)
See also:
• ‘The October war and its aftermath’, Journal of Palestine Studies, 3/2, 1974

Lecture Nine
Religion and the Arab-Israeli conflict
Key points: Zionism and Judaism. Israel as a Jewish state/Zionist state.Orthodox Jews and their approach towards the state. National-

Religious Jews and their growing influence in Israeli politics and military. Hamas and Islamic Jihad: ideology and politics. Is the

conflict a religious one?

Required reading
• Ziad Abu-Amr, ‘Hamas: A historical and political background’, Journal of Palestine Studies, 22 (1993), 5-19.
• Baruch Kimmerling, The Invention and Decline of Israeliness: State, Society, and the Military (2001). Chapter 6: The Cultural

Code of Jewishness, pp. 173
• Ehud Sprinzak, The Ascendance of Israel’s Radical Right (1991). Chapter 5: The Politics, Institutions and Culture of Gush

Emunim, pp.107 – 160
• Zreik, Raef. “Why the Jewish State Now?” Journal of Palestine Studies 40 (3): 23-37 (Spring, 2011). Online journal.
• Musa Budeiri, “The Palestinians: Tensions between Nationalist and Religious Identities,” in Rethinking Nationalism in the Arab

Middle East, ed. James Jankowski and Israel

Additional Readings
• Hamas Charter
• R. Cohen-Almagor, ‘Cultural Pluralism and the Israel Nation-Building Ideology’, International Journal of Middle East Studies 27

(1995)
• M. Evans, ‘Exacerbating social cleavages: the media’s role in Israel’s religious-secular conflict’, Middle East Journal 65/2

(Spring 2011) pp 235-251
• Khaled Hroub, Hamas: A Beginner’s Guide (2006)
• Shaul Mishal and Avraham Sela, The Palestinian Hamas: Vision, Violence and Coexistence (2000)
• Amos Oz, In the Land of Israel(1984), 51-73
• Michal Shamir and Asher Arian, “Collective Identity and Electoral Competition in Israel,” American Political Science Review,

93(2): 265-277. (1999)
• Muhanad Mustafa, Politization as Explanation Model among Political Islam – The Case of Palestinian Islamic Movements

(Unpublished Article; ask convener for a copy)
• S. Sharot and E. Ben-Rafael, Ethnicity, Religion and Class in Israeli Society (1991), pp 24-35, 219-242
• Colin Shindler, A History of Modern Israel (2008) mainly chapter 4
• Mark Tessler and Jodi Nachtwey, “Palestinian Political Attitudes: an Analysis of survey Data from the West Bank and

Gaza,”Israel Studies 4:22-43 (1999).
• Timothy Mitchell, McJihad: Islam in the U.S. Global Order, Social Text 73 (Volume 20, Number 4), 2002, pp. 1-18

https://muse.jhu.edu/journals/social_text/v020/20.4mitchell.pdf
• Journal of Palestine Studies, Israel at a Crossroads – Unable to Vanquish Resistance or Negotiate Peace: Interview with Raman

Shallah Part I, Journal of Palestine Studies, 44(2), Winter 2015, pp. 52-62
• Journal of Palestine Studies, Israel at a Crossroads – Unable to Vanquish Resistance or Negotiate Peace: Interview with Raman

Shallah Part II, Journal of Palestine Studies, 44(3), Spring 2015, pp. 39-48
Lecture Ten
Palestinians under Israeli occupation/Israelis as Occupiers: the road to the intifada and the Oslo process

Key points: Palestinian realities in the West Bank and Gaza Strip under Israeli occupation. The position of the Palestinians after the

Camp David agreement and the invasion of Lebanon.The differences between the PLO leadership in Tunis and the Palestinians in the

occupied territory.The causes and course of the Intifada – Israel’s political economy after 1967.The Israeli response to the

Intifada.The effects of the Intifada uprising on the Israeli-Palestinian peace process.The road to Oslo.

Required Reading
• Yezid Sayigh, Armed Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement, 1949-1993 (1999). Part IV. Squaring

the Circle: Statehood into Autonomy, 1983-1993, pp. 545-662
• Baruch Kimmerling and Joel Migdal. Palestinians: The Making of a People. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, “steering a path

under occupation,” 240-261. (1993)
• B. Reich, and G. R. Kieval (eds) Israeli Politics in the 1990s: Key Domestic and Foreign Policy Factors, (1992), pp 1-27
• Joel Beinin, Political Economy and Public Culture in a State of Constant Conflict: 50 Years of Jewish Statehood, Jewish Social

Studies, New Series, 4: 3 (Spring – Summer, 1998), pp. 96-141

Additional Key Readings
• Laetitia Bucaille, Growing Up Palestinian: Israeli Occupation and the Intifada Generation. Princeton: Princeton University

Press (2004).
• J. Becker, The PLO: the rise and fall of the Palestine Liberation Organization (1984)
• Z. Chehab, Inside Hamas (2007)
• Helena Cobban, The Palestine Liberation Organisation (1984)
• Robert O’Freedman, The Intifada (1991)
• Alan Hart, Arafat: Terrorist or Peacemaker? (1984)
• Michael Hudson, The Palestinians (1990)
• Matthew Levitt, Hamas (2006)
• Zachary Lockman and Joel Beinin, eds. Intifada: The Palestinian Uprising Against Israeli Occupation (1989).
• David McDowell, The Palestinians: The Road to Nationhood (1995)
• Aaron Miller, The PLO and the politics of survival (1983)
• Jamal R. Nassar, The Palestine Liberation Organization: from armed struggle to the Declaration of Independence (1991)
• Zeev Schiff, Intifada: The Palestinian uprising – Israel’s third front (1991)
• Moshe Shemesh, The Palestinian Entity, 1959-74: Arab Politics and the PLO (1996)
• Avi Shlaim Iron Wall (2000)
• Geoffrey Watson, The Oslo Accords: international Law and the Israeli-Palestinian Peace Agreements (2000)
• Eyal Weizman, Hollow Land: Israel’s Architecture of Occupation (2007)
• Aryeh Yodfat, PLO strategy and politics (1981)
• Sami Shalom Shetrit, Intra-Jewish Conflict in Israel (2010). Chapter 4: The old crown and the new discourse: the era of radical

awareness – 1981 to the present day, pp.141-224

Lecture Eleven
The second intifada, the wall and the failures of Oslo

Key points: Why did the Camp David II Talks of 2000 fail? Why did the second intifada break out in 2000? Changes and developments in

Israel and in the Occupied Territoriesafter 2000. Why did Israel build its separation wall?

Required reading
• Azmi Bishara. “Reflections on October 2000: A Landmark in Jewish-Arab Relations in Israel”. Journal of Palestine Studies, 30:3

(2001), pp. 54-67.
• Raef Zreik, The Palestinian Question: Themes of Justice and Power Part I: The Palestinians in the Occupied Territories. Journal

of Palestine Studies 32 (4): 39-49 (2003)
• Neve Gordon, Israel’s Occupation, ch. 8 “The Separation Principle”, pp.197-222 (2008)
• Laetitia Bucaille, Growing Up Palestinian: Israeli Occupation and the Intifada Generation. Princeton: Princeton University

Press (2004). Chapter two: Building Palestinian Autonomy, pp.30-55
• Algazi, Gadi (2006). “Offshore Zionism”. New Left Review 40: July-Aug, pp. 27-37.

Additional Key Readings
• O. Balaban, Interpreting Conflict: Israeli-Palestinian Negotiations at Camp David II and Beyond (2005)
• Roane Carey (ed), The New Intifada: Resisting Israel’s Apartheid (2001)
• Roane Carey et al (eds), The Other Israel: voice of dissent and refusal (2003)
• R. Chacham, Breaking Ranks: refusing to serve in the West bank and Gaza (2003)
• Z. Chehab, Inside Hamas (2007)
• F. Halliday, Two Hours that Shook the World (2002)
• N. Finkelstein, The Camp David II Negotiations: How Dennis Ross Proved the Palestinians Aborted the Peace Process, Journal of

Palestine Studies (2007)
• John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt, ‘The Israel Lobby’, London Review of Books, 23 March 2006. Anyone interested in the debate

on the effect of the ‘Israel lobby’ in the USA should read this. A copy is available from the tutor’s office. It is an abridged version

of a longer article that can be found at www.ssrn.com or http://web.hks.harvard.edu/publications/workingpapers/ and put in Mearsheimer

under paper author search. The letters in response to this article, including a long one from Alan Dershowitz, can be found in the

London Review of Books (20 April 2006) (copy also available from tutor’s office).
• John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt, The Israel Lobby and US Foreign Policy (2007)
• Y. Meital, Peace in Tatters: Israel, Palestine and the Middle East (2006)
• Kobi Michael, “Military Knowledge and Weak Civilian Control in the Reality of Low Intensity Conflict — The Israeli Case,”

Israel Studies, 12(1):28-52 (2007).
• Maya Rosenfeld, Confronting the Occupation: Work Education, and Political Activism of Palestinian Families in a Refugee Camp,

Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 211-265 (2004)
• S. Shamir and B. Maddy-Weizmann (eds) Camp David Summit: What went Wrong? Americans, Israelis and Palestinians Analyse the

Failure of the Boldest Attempt Ever to Resolve the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict (2005)
• G. Sher, The Israeli-Palestinian Peace Negotiations, 1999-2001: Within Reach (2006)
• D. Shulman, Dark Hope: Working for Peace in Israel and Palestine (2008)
• Henry Siegman, ‘The Great Middle East Peace Process Scam’, London Review of Books (16 August 2007), pp. 6-7. Probably online

through the library.
• Truth about the Camp David: The Untold Story about the Collapse of the Middle East Peace Process (2004)
• T. C. Wittes (ed.), How Israelis and Palestinians Negotiate: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of the Oslo Peace Process (2004)
• World Bank. “Fifteen Months: Intifada, Closures and Palestinian Economic Crisis,” 3-19, 31-37 (2002). [to be found online]
• I. Zertal and Akiva Eldar, Lords of the Land: The War for Israel’s Settlements in the Occupied Territories (2007)

Any students interested in the 2006 Israel-Lebanon war, might care to look at the short but incisive pamphlet: M. Matthew, ‘We Were

Caught Unprepared: The 2006 Hezbollah-Israeli War’ (US Army Combat Studies Institute, 2008)

Lecture Twelve
One-state, two-states and beyond: Today’s status quo politics and radical movements for ending the Occupation

Key Points: The one-state/two-state debate; the new radical right and the new radical left in Israel; the BDS movement (and anti-

normalisation politics); the Palestinian prisoners’ movements; the anti-wall movements; armed struggle vs. non-violent grassroots

movements in Palestine; back to the present – the Gaza war, its aftermath and Israel’s new political map

• Ariella Azoulay and Adi Ophir, The One State Condition: Occupation and Democracy in Israel/Palestine (2008). Conclusion: Toward

a New Regime, pp. 249-271
• Mandy Turner and Cherine Hussein. “Israel-Palestine after Oslo: Mapping transformations and alternatives in a time of deepening

crisis”, Special issue of Conflict, Security and Development (November 2015), pp. 1-8
• Polly Pallister-Wilkins. “The SeparationWall: A Symbol of Power and a Site of Resistance?”, Antipode Vol. 43 No. 5 2011, pp

1851–1882
• Yonatan Mendel. “Diary” (March 6th), London Review of Books, 37:6 (19 March, 2015). Available online at:

http://www.lrb.co.uk/v37/n06/yonatan-mendel/diary
• Also, watch Raef Zreik’s lecture: “From Settlers to Natives” (March, 2014), available online at https://vimeo.com/97914673

SEMINAR SCHEDULE
The seminars are student-led, framed by a set of questions ‘negotiated’ between the course lecturer and the students. Compulsory

readings must be read by all students; in addition, the secondary set of readings can be divided among the group members, to ensure

that all aspects of the seminar can be covered.

Each week 4-5 students will lead the seminars and take responsibility for how we engage the debates and multiple perspectives developed

in the week’s readings (the names of the students should be shared with the lecturer before the first seminar). This group must send a

maximum one-page document to the course lecturer, on the Monday night before their seminar. The document will be very brief, made up of

bullet points that point to the key themes, critiques and questions they want to focus on in the seminar. They may also think of

different (creative) exercises for how to run the seminar, i.e. role plays, debates, trivia games, small group discussions, etc… The

lecturer will return the document to the students by Tuesday mid-day, with feedback; the students should then share their document with

the rest of their group before the seminar on Wednesday morning.

Seminar One
The Debates on 1948
Q: What are the roots of the 1948 debate? Why is it important to how we see, read and understand the conflict?

Group 1
Week 5: 21.10.15
Group 2
Week 6: 28.10.15

Compulsory reading:
• Avi Shlaim, ‘The Debate about 1948’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 27 (1995) pp. 287-304.
• Nur Masalha, “A Critique on Benny Morris”, in Ilan Pappe (ed), The Israel/Palestine Question (1999), pp. 211-
• Conclusion in Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Crisis (1988), pp. 286-296
• Chapter 1 ‘New Bottles – Sour Wine’ in Efraim Karsh, Fabricating Israeli History: The New Historians (1997) pp. 9-36

In addition, choose two from the following list (coordinate among you, to ensure the whole list is covered):
• Conclusion inBenny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Crisis Revisited (2004), pp. 588-601
• Chapter 2 by Benny Morris, ‘Revisiting the Palestinian Exodus of 1948’ in Eugene Rogan and A. Shlaim (eds), The War for

Palestine (2007), pp. 37-56
• Tal, David ‘The Forgotten War: Jewish Palestinian Strife in Mandatory Palestine December 1947-May 1948’ in Israel Affairs, 6, 3

(2000), pp. 3-21
• Khalaf, Issa, Politics in Palestine: Arab Factionalism and Social Disintegration, 1939-1948 (1991) pp. 199-230.
• Gelber, Yoav. Palestine, 1948: War, Escape and the Emergence of the Palestinian Refugee Problem (2001), Chapters 8-9, pp. 117-

154.
• Benny Morris, ‘On Ethnic Cleansing’, New Left Review 26 (March/April 2004), pp. 37-51 (very interesting account from Morris on

why he changed his mind on the Palestinians) Copy on library e-journals gateway.
• Ilan Pappe, ‘The Tantura Case: The Katz Research and Trial’, Journal of Palestine Studies, 30/3, Spring 2001 (account of

another alleged massacre) Ilan Pappe’s Out of the Frame (2010) (mainly in the appendix) includes a long account of the alleged massacre

by Israeli troops at the Arab village of Tantura in 1948. For stinging reply to Pappe, see Yossi Ben-Artzi’s review of Out of the Frame

in Israel Studies 16/2 ( Summer 2011), pp. 165-183.
• Walid Khalidi, ‘Why did the Palestinians Leave?’ Middle East Forum, XXXV, 7, July 1959, 21-4.
• Walid Khalidi, ‘Why did the Palestinians leave, revisited’, Journal of Palestine Studies 134 (Winter 2005), 42-54. Available on

library e-journals gateway or copy in tutor’s office.

Further reading:
• A. H. Sa’di and L. Abu-Lughod (eds), Nakba: Palestine 1948 and the Claims of Memory (2006)
• Uri Bar-Joseph, The Best of Enemies (1987)
• Efrat Ben-Ze’ev, Remembering Palestine in 1948: Beyond National Narratives (2011)
• Ahron Bregman, The Fifty Years’ War: Israel and the Arabs (1998)
• Childers, Erskine, ‘The Other Exodus’ in The Spectator, 12 May 1961 (available at http://www.users.cloud9.net/~recross/israel-

watch/ErskinChilders.html) – examines and discounts the claim that the Arabs ordered the Palestinians to leave in 1948 by the use of

radio broadcasts.
• Erskine Childers, ‘The Wordless Wish: From Citizens to Refugees’, in I. Abu-Lughod (ed.), The Transformation of Palestine

(1971) examines and discounts the claim that the Arabs ordered the Palestinians to leave in 1948 by the use of radio broadcasts.
• Kais Firro, The Druzes in the Jewish State: A Brief History (1999). See chs 2-4.
• Simha Flapan The Birth of Israel: Myths and Realities (1988) (the tutor also has a copy)
• Yoav Gelber, Palestine, 1948: War, Escape and the Emergence of the Palestinian Refugee Problem (2001)
• Efraim Karsh, Fabricating Israeli History: The New Historians (1997)
• Issa Khalaf Politics in Palestine: Arab Factionalism and Social Disintegration, 1939-1948 (1991).
• Walid Khalidi, ‘The Fall of Haifa’, Middle East Forum 35/10 (December 1959). 2B/offprints collection
• W. Khalidi, All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948 (1992)
• W. Khalidi, Before Their Diaspora: A Photographic History of the Palestinians (1984)
• Nur Masalha (ed), Catastrophe Remembered (2006)
• Nur Masalha, Expulsion of the Palestinians: the concept of ‘transfer’ in Zionist political thought, 1882-1948 (1992)
• Nur Masalha, The Politics of Denial (2003) ch. 1.
• Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-49 (Cambridge 1988)
• Benny Morris, 1948 and After: Israel and the Palestinians (1994)
• Benny Morris, Righteous Victims (1999)
• Benny Morris, 1948: The First Arab-Israeli War (2008)
• Benny Morris, ‘The Harvest of 1948 and the Creation of the Palestinian Refugee Problem’, Middle East Journal, Autumn 1986,

pp.671-85.
• Benny Morris, ‘Falsifying the Record: A Fresh Look at Zionist Documents on 1948’, Journal of Palestine Studies (Spring 1995).
• Illan Pappe, The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine (2006)
• Ilan Pappe, ‘The 1948 Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine’, Journal of Palestine Studies 36/1 (Autumn 2006), pp. 6-20.
• Itamar Radai, ‘The Collapse of the Palestinian-Arab Middle Class in 1948: The Case of Qatamon’, Middle Eastern Studies Vol. 43,

No. 6, November 2007. E-journals collection and copy in tutor’s office.
• Itamar Radai,’ Jaffa, 1948: The Fall of a City’, Journal of Israeli History 30/1 (March 2011), 23-43 (copy available

electronically from tutor – email him).
• Ram, Uri, Israeli Nationalism: Social conflicts and the politics of knowledge (Routledge 2011).
• Eugene Rogan and A. Shlaim (eds), The War for Palestine (2001). See especially the chapter by L. Larsons on the Druze.
• Anita Shapira, Land and Power (1999) (another good new-old perspective)
• Avi Shlaim, Iron Wall (2000)
• Avi Shlaim, ‘The Debate about 1948’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 27 (1995) pp.287-304
• For an examination of Plan Dalet that argues it wasn’t a plan of expulsion see chapter by David Tal, ‘The Forgotten War’ in E.

Karsh (ed.), Israel: The First Hundred Years Volume II (2000)
• Shabtai Teveth, ‘The Palestine Refugee Problem and its Origins’, Middle Eastern Studies, 26 (1990) pp.214-49. E-journals

gateway.
See also:
• The Special Issue of Journal of Palestine Studies 18 (1988) dedicated to the events of 1948
• Look also at endnote 327 in Benny Morris, The Road to Jerusalem (2002)
• M. Muslih, The Origins of Palestinian Nationalism (1988)
• J. Migdal, Palestinian Society and Politics (1980)

Plan Dalet: There is a copy of Plan Dalet available at http://www.mideastweb.org/pland.htm. See also Walid Khalidi, ‘Plan Dalet: Master

Plan for the Conquest of Palestine’, Journal of Palestine Studies, 18, 1988, pp.4-20

The ‘David versus Goliath’ myth
• Norville de Atkine, ‘Why Arab Armies Lose Wars’ at http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2000/issue1/jv4n1a2.html (interested readers

can also consult Kenneth Pollack’s Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness 1948-1991 on the issue of the performance of Arab armies but

this book is not yet in Brunel library).
• Uri Bar-Joseph, The Best of Enemies (1987)
• Ahron Bregman, The Fifty Years’ War: Israel and the Arabs (1998)
• A. Bregman, Israel’s Wars (2000)
• Ricky-Dale Calhoun, ‘Arming David: The Haganah’s Illegal Arms Procurement Network in the United States, 1945-49’, Journal of

Palestine Studies 36/4 (Summer 2007), pp. 22-32.
• Martin van Creveld, The Sword and the Olive: A Critical History of the Israeli Defence Force (1998)
• Trevor Dupuy, Elusive victory: the Arab-Israeli wars, 1947-1974 (1978) (not in Brunel library)
• Simha Flapan, The Birth of Israel: Myths and Realities (1988)
• Chaim Herzog, Arab-Israeli Wars (1984)
• Matthew Hughes, ‘Lebanon’s Armed Forces and the Arab-Israeli War, Journal of Palestine Studies (Winter 2005), 24-41. Copy in

tutor’s office or e-journals gateway.
• Efraim Karsh, Fabricating Israeli History: The New Historians (1997)
• Efraim Karsh, Essential Histories 28: The Arab-Israeli Conflict – The Palestine War 1948 (2002)
• Benny Morris 1948 and After: Israel and the Palestinians (1994)
• Benny Morris, The Road to Jerusalem (2002) (very good on the role of the Arab legion)
• Benny Morris, Righteous Victims (2001)
• Benny Morris, 1948: The First Arab-Israeli War (2008)
• Barry Rubin and Thomas Keaney, (eds), Armed Forces in the Middle East: Politics and Strategy (2002) (especially the chapter on

‘Why Arab Armies Lose Wars’)
• Avi Shlaim, Iron Wall (2000)
• Avi Shlaim, ‘The Debate about 1948’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 27 (1995) pp.287-304.
• David Tal, War in Palestine, 1948: strategy and diplomacy(2003)

Seminar Two
The “Jewish & Democratic” Question – through the lens of the Palestinian Citizens of Israel
Q: How do we situate/analyse/understand Palestinian citizens of Israel within the paradox of the ‘Jewish & Democratic State’? Can we

consider a state to be ‘democratic’ when it is defined according to one ethnic/national group within a binational/multi-ethnic state?

Group 1
Week 9: 18.11.15
Group 2
Week 10: 25.11.15

Compulsory reading:
• Oren Yiftachel,‘Ethnocracy and Its Discontents: Minority Protest in Israel’, Critical Inquiry, 26 (2000): pp. 725-756.
• Rouhana, Nadim N. Winter 2006. “Jewish and Democratic”? The Price of a National Self-Deception. Journal of Palestine Studies 35

(2): 64-74
• Nimer Sultany, ‘The Making of an Underclass: The Palestinian Citizens in Israel.’ Israel Studies Review, 27 (2). pp. 190-212

(2012)
• Raef Zreik, The Palestinian Question: Themes of Justice and Power
Part II: The Palestinians in Israel. Journal of Palestine Studies 33 (1): 42-54 (2003)

In addition, choose two from the following list (coordinate among you, to ensure the whole list is covered):
• Safa Abu-Rabia, “Is Slavery Over?: Black and White Arab Bedouin Women in the Naqab (Negev), in Mark Levine and Gershon Levy

(eds), Struggle and Survival in Palestine/Israel (2012), pp. 271-294
• Azmi Bishara, “Reflections on October 2000: A Landmark in Jewish-Arab Relations in Israel”. Journal of Palestine Studies 30

(3): 54-67 (2001).
• Hillel Cohen, Good Arabs: The Israeli Security Agencies and the Israeli Arabs, 1948-1967 (2011), Chapter 4, pp. 95-122
• Geremy Forman and Sandy Kedar, “From Arab land to `Israel Lands’: the legal dispossession of the Palestinians displaced by

Israel in the wake of 1948”, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, volume 22 (2004), pp. 809 – 830
• As’ad Ghanem, Ethnic Politics in Israel: The Margins and the Ashkenazi Center. Abingdon & New York: Routledge. Chapter 2: The

Palestinian Minority in Israel: Resisting the “Ethnocratic” System, pp. 22-59 (2010)
• Amal Jamal, “The Arab Leadership in Israel: Ascendance and Fragmentation”, Journal of Palestine Studies, 35:Winter (2006), pp.

6-22.
• Amal Jamal, “The Political Ethos of Palestinian Citizens of Israel: Critical Reading in the Future Vision Documents”, Israel

Studies Forum, 23:2 (2008), pp. 3-28.
• Mansour Nasasra, The Ongoing Judaisation of the Naqab and the Struggle for Recognising the Indigenous Rights of the Arab

Bedouin People. Settler Colonial Studies, 2:1 (2012), pp. 81-107
• Robinson, S. Citizen Strangers: Palestinian Citizens and the Birth of Israel’s Liberal Settler State (2013), Chapter Five: Both

Citizens and Strangers, pp. 153-193
• Nadim Rouhana and Areej Sabbagh-Khoury, “Settler-colonial citizenship: conceptualizing the relationship between Israel and its

Palestinian Citizens”, Settler Colonial Studies, 5:3 (2015), pp. 205-225
• Nadim Rouhana, Nabil Saleh and Nimer Sultany, “Voting Without Voice: The Vote of the Palestinian Minority in Israel” In:

Shamir, Michal and Arian, Asher, (eds.), The Elections in Israel (2003)
• Nimer Sultany, ‘Liberal Zionism, Comparative Constitutionalism, and the Project of Normalizing Israel.’ In: On Recognition of

the Jewish State. Ramallah: Madar Center (2014), pp. 91-109.

Further reading:
• A. Bligh (ed.), The Israeli Palestinians: An Arab Minority in the Jewish State (2003)
• Kais M. Firro, Reshaping Druze Particularism in Israel. Journal of Palestine Studies 30 (3): 40-53 (2001).
• As’ad Ghanem, The Palestinian-Arab Minority in Israel (2001)
• Lisa Hajjar. “Israeli Interventions Among the Druze”. Middle East Report 2-6 (1996), 10.
• Amal Jamal, Strategies of Minority Struggle for Equality in Ethnic States: Arab Politics in Israel. Citizenship Studies 11 (3):

263-282(2007).
• Sabri Jiryis, The Arabs in Israel (1976)
• Baruch Kimmerling & Joel Migdal, The Palestinian people: a history (2003)
• Rashid Khalidi, ‘The Disappearance and Reemergence of Palestinian Identity’ in Khalidi Palestinian Identity (1998) 2B

collection.
• David Kretzmer, The Legal Status of the Arabs in Israel. Oxford: Westview Press (1990).
• Ilan Pappe, The Forgotten Palestinians: A History of the Palestinians in Israel. London: Yale University Press (2011).
• Shany Payes, Palestinian NGOs in Israel: The Politics of Civil Society. London: Tauris Academic Studies (2005).
• Yoav Peled and Gershon Shafir. Being Israeli.chapter 4.
• Nadim N. Rouhana, Palestinian Citizens in an Ethnic Jewish State: Identities in Conflict. London: Yale University Press (1997).
• Smooha, Sami. 2004. “Arab-Jewish Relations in Israel: A Deeply Divided Society”. In Israeli Identity in Transition. Edited by

Anita Shapria. Westport, CT: Praeger.

Seminar Three
Debating the origins and impacts of the 1967 war
Q: What was the impact of the 1967 war on its different ‘protagonists’ and victims?

Group 1
Week 17: 13.1.16
Group 2
Week 18: 20.1.16

Compulsory reading:
• Eyal Weizman, Hollow Land (2007), Chapter 2: Fortifications: The Artifications of Ariel Sharon, pp. 57-86
• Baruch Kimmerling, “Making Conflict a Routine: The Cumulative Effects of the Arab-Jewish Conflict Upon Israeli Society,”

Journal of Strategic Studies, 6(3): 13-45 (1983).
• Michael Oren, New Research on the Six Day War and Its Lessons for the Contemporary Middle East, Israel Studies, 10:2 (2005) pp.

1-14
• Adam Hanieh, “From State-Led Growth to Globalization: The Evolution of Israeli Capitalism” in Journal of Palestine Studies 32:4

(Summer, 2003), pp. 5-21.

In addition, choose two from the following list (coordinate among you, to ensure the whole list is covered):
• Ariella Azoulay and Adi Ophir, The One State Condition: Occupation and Democracy in Israel/Palestine (2008). Chapter 7:

Structural Divisions and State Projects, pp. 203-223
• Ehud Sprinzak, The Ascendance of Israel’s Radical Right (1991). Chapter 3: The Revival of Territorial Maximalism in Israel, pp.

35 – 69
• Norman Finkelstein, ‘Review Essay: Abba Eban with Footnotes’ of Michael Oren’s Six Days of War in Journal of Palestine Studies,

32/3, Spring 2003, 74-89
• Benny Morris, Righteous Victims (1999), Chapter 7, pp. 302-346
• J. Bowen, Six Days: How the 1967 War shaped the Middle East (2003), ‘Pre-war’ pp. 5-93
• Tom Segev, 1967: Israel, the War, and the Year That Transformed the Middle East (2008) Chapter 4 ‘The Syrian Syndrome’ pp. 191

-224
• Sami Shalom Shetrit, Intra-Jewish Conflict in Israel (2010). Chapter 3: “Either the pie is for everyone, or there won’t be no

pie!” HaPanterim HaSh’horim (TheBlack Panthers Movement): the generating collective confrontation, pp. 141-224

Further reading:
• I. Abu-Lughod, The Arab-Israeli confrontation of June 1967 (1970)
• Sydney Bailey, Four Arab-Israeli wars and the peace process (1990)
• A. Jay Cristol, The Liberty Incident: The 1967 Israeli Attack on the US Navy Spy Ship (2002)
• Herbert Druks, The Uncertain Friendship: The US and Israel from Roosevelt to Kennedy (2001)
• T.G. Fraser, The Arab-Israeli Conflict (1995)
• Moshe Gat, Britain and the Conflict in the Middle East, 1964-1967 (2003)
• Mohammad Heikal, Road to Ramadan (1975)
• Benny Morris, Righteous Victims (1999)
• Michael Oren, Six Days of War (2001)
• Ritchie Ovendale, The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Wars (1992)
• Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel from the Rise of Zionism to Our Time (1996)
• Y. Sayigh and Avi Shlaim (eds), The Cold War and the Middle East (1997)
• Charles Smith, Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict (1996)
• Malcolm Yapp, The Near East since the First World War (1991)

Seminar Four
The First Intifada – changing the Israeli-Palestinian landscape
Q: How did the first Intifada change the politics of the Arab-Israeli conflict? How did it differ from present day Palestinian

resistance movements?

Group 1
Week 23: 24.2.16
Group 2
Week 24: 2.3.16

Compulsory Reading
• Sara Roy. “The Political Economy of Despair: Changing Political and Economic Realities in the Gaza Strip,” Journal of

Palestine Studies, 20(3): 58-69 (1991).
• Ziad Abu-Amr, “The Politics of the Intifada,” in Michael C. Hudson, ed. The Palestinians: New Directions, Washington, DC:

Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University, 3-23 (1990).
• Suhad Dajani, ‘Nonviolent resistance in the occupied territories: a critical reevaluation’, in S. Zunes et al (eds) Nonviolent

Social Movements: a geographical perspective (1999), pp.52-74.
• Rouhana, N. ‘The Intifada and the Palestinians of Israel: Resurrecting the Green Line’, Journal of Palestine Studies Vol.19,

No.3 (Spring, 1990),pp. 58-75http://www.jstor.org/stable/2537711

In addition, choose two from the following list (coordinate among you, to ensure the whole list is covered):
• Islad Jad, “From Salons to the Popular Committees: Palestinian Women, 1919-89, in Ilan Pappe (ed), The Israel/Palestine

Question (1999), pp.249-268
• Tamari, S. ‘Limited Rebellion and Civil Society: The Uprising’s Dilemma’, Middle East Report No.164/165, Intifada Year Three

(May – Aug., 1990), pp. 4-8http://www.jstor.org/stable/3012681
• Lockman, Z. & J. Beinin, Intifada : the Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation (1990) (read as much of this as you

can from the following selection):
o Intifada & Independence (by Edward Said), pp. 5-22
o Uprising in Gaza (by Anita Vitullo), pp. 43-56
o The Palestinian People, 22 Years After 1967 (by Rashid Khalidi), pp.113-126
o Palestinian Women: Building Barricades and Breaking Barriers (by Rita Giacaman & Penny Johnson), pp. 155-169
o From Land Day to Peace Day (by Joel Beinin), pp. 205-216
o The Uprising’s Impact on Israel (by Azmi Bishara), pp. 217 – 229
o The Protest Movement in Israel (by Reuven Kaminer), pp.231-245
• Khaled Hroub, Hamas: political thought and practice (2000). Chapter 1, from the section “The Outbreak of the Intifada and the

Creation of Hamas, pp. 36-42
• Suhad Dajani, ‘Nonviolent resistance in the occupied territories: a critical reevaluation’, in S. Zunes et al (eds)Nonviolent

Social Movements: a geographical perspective (1999), pp.52-74.
• King, M.E. A quiet revolution : the first Palestinian Intifada and nonviolent resistance (2007), Chapters 9, 10 & 11, pp. 203-

294
Further Reading
• Cohen, A. & G. Wolfsfeld (eds). Framing the Intifada : people and media (1993)
• Cohen, S. & Daphna Golan. The interrogation of Palestinians during the Intifada : ill-treatment, “moderate physical pressure”

or torture? (1991)
• Gunning, J. Hamas in Politics – democracy, religion, violence (2009)
• Hiltermann, J. R. Behind the Intifada : labor and women’s movements in the Occupied Territories (1991)
• Hroub, K. Hamas: political thought and practice (2000)
• Hunter, R. O. The Palestinian uprising : a war by other means (1993)
• Kaminer, R. The Politics of Protest: the Israeli peace movement and the Palestinian intifada (1996)
• King, M.E. A quiet revolution : the first Palestinian Intifada and nonviolent resistance (2007)
• Milton-Edwards, B. & Stephen Farrell. Hamas: the Islamic Resistance Movement (2010)
• Mishal, S. & R. Aharoni (eds). Speaking Stones: communiqués from the Intifada underground (1994)
• Schiff, Z. &E. Ya’ari Intifada : the Palestinian uprising : Israel’s third front (1991)

Seminar Five
The Oslo Process: Israeli-Palestinian peace?
Q: What are the obstacles to Israeli-Palestinian peace? How do the different local and regional actors participate in the failings of

Oslo and obstruct the end of the conflict?

Group 1
Week 26: 16.03.16
Group 2
Week 30:13.4.16

Required reading:
Compulsory reading:
• Chapters 14 and 15 ‘Setback’ and ‘Back to the Iron Wall’ in Avi Shlaim, Iron Wall (2000), pp. 546-96
• Mandy Turner, “The Political Economy of Western Aid in the Occupied Palestinian Territory Since 1993” in Mandy Turner & Omar

Shweiki (eds), Decolonising Palestinian Political Economy: De-Development and Beyond (2014), pp.32-52
• Oren Yiftachel and Haim Yacobi, “Planning a Bi-National Capital: Should Jerusalem Remain United?”,Geoforum 33 (2002): 137-145.
• Adam Hanieh, (2013) Lineages of Revolt: Issues of Contemporary Capitalism in the Middle East, pp. 99-122.

In addition, choose two from the following list (coordinate among you, to ensure the whole list is covered):
• Mtanes Shihadeh & Raja Khalidi, “Impeded Development: The Political Economy of the Palestinian Arabs inside Israel”, in Mandy

Turner & Omar Shweiki (eds), Decolonising Palestinian Political Economy: De-Development and Beyond (2014), pp. 115-137
• Doumani, Beshara (2007) ‘Palestine versus the Palestinians? The Iron Laws and Ironies of a People Defined,’ Journal of

Palestine Studies 36(4): 49-64.
• Raja Khalidi & Sobhi Samour, “Neoliberalism and the Contradictions of the Palestinian Authority’s State-building Programme”, in

Mandy Turner & Omar Shweiki (eds), Decolonising Palestinian Political Economy: De-Development and Beyond (2014), pp. 179-199
• Yehouda Shenhav, Beyond the Two State Solution: A Jewish Political Essay (2012). Chapter One: The Roots and Consequences of the

Liberal New Nostalgia. pp. 35 – 54
• Kelman, H., ‘Building a Sustainable Peace: The Limits of Pragmatism in the Israeli-Palestinian Negotiations’, Journal of

Palestine Studies, 28,1 (1998), pp. 36-50
• Jamal, Amal, “Palestinians in the Israeli Peace Discourse: A Conditional Partnership”, Journal of Palestine Studies, 30, 1

(2000), pp.36-51
• Zreik, Raef, “The Palestinian Question: Themes of Justice and Power: Part I: the Palestinians of the Occupied Territories”,

Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 32, No. 4 (Summer 2003), pp. 39-49.
• Yehouda Shenhav, The Bond of Silence in Haaretz (1996). Available online at http://www.ha-

keshet.org.il/english/bond_yehouda.htm

Further reading:
• Said Aburish, Arafat (1999)
• J. Becker, The PLO: the rise and fall of the Palestine Liberation Organization (1984)
• Yossi Beilin, Touching Peace: From the Oslo Accord to a Final agreement (1999)
• Roane Carey (ed), The New Intifada: Resisting Israel’s Apartheid (2001)
• Z. Chehab, Inside Hamas (2007)
• Helena Cobban, The Palestine Liberation Organisation (1984)
• Helena Cobban, The Israeli-Syrian Peace talks 1991-96 (1999)
• U. Dan, Ariel Sharon: An Intimate Portrait (2006)
• Charles Enderlin, Shattered Dreams: The Failure of the Peace Process, 1995-2002 (2003)
• N. Finkelstein, ‘The Camp David II Negotiations: How Dennis Ross Proved the Palestinians Aborted the Peace Process’, Journal of

Palestine Studies 36/2 (Winter 2007), 39-53. Copy in tutor’s office if not on e-journals gateway.
• G. Giacaman, After Oslo (2003)
• J. Ginat et al (eds), The Middle East Peace Process: Vision versus Reality (2002)
• Alan Hart, Arafat: Terrorist or Peacemaker? (1984)
• Nir Hefez and Gadi Bloom, Ariel Sharon: A Life (2006)
• J. Hilal, Where now for Palestine? The Demise of the two state solution (2007)
• Michael Hudson, The Palestinians (1990)
• Baruch Kimmerling, Politicide – Ariel Sharon’s War against the Palestinians (2003)
• B Kimmerling, The Palestinian people: a history (2003)
• B. Kimmerling, Politicide: The Real Legacy of Ariel Sharon (2006)
• David Makovsky, Making Peace with the PLO: The Rabin Government’s Road to the Oslo Accords (1996)
• David McDowell, The Palestinians: The Road to Nationhood (1995)
• David McDowall, Palestine and Israel: The Uprising and beyond (1989)
• Aaron Miller, The PLO and the politics of survival (1983)
• Anita Miller et al, Sharon: Israel’s Warrior Politician (2003)
• Jamal Nassar, The Palestine Liberation Organization: from armed struggle to the Declaration of Independence (1991)
• I. Rabinovich, The Brink of Peace: The Israeli-Syrian negotiations (1998)
• Dennis Ross, The Missing Peace: The Inside Story of the Fight for Middle East Peace (2005)
• Robert Rothstein et al (eds), The Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process: Oslo and the Lessons of Failure (2002)
• S. Roy, Failing Peace: Gaza and the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict (2007)
• Edward Said, End of the Peace Process: Oslo and After (2000)
• Edward Said, Blaming the victims: spurious scholarship and the Palestinian question (1988)
• Zeev Schiff, Intifada: The Palestinian uprising – Israel’s third front (1991)
• Avi Shlaim, Iron Wall (2000)
• Henry Siegman, ‘The Great Middle East Peace Process Scam’, London Review of Books (16 August 2007), pp. 6-7. Probably online

through the library, if not copy in tutor’s office.
• D. Shulman, Dark Hope: Working for Peace in Israel and Palestine (2008)
• A. Tamimi, Hamas: Unwritten Chapters (2007)
• Geoffrey Watson, The Oslo Accords: international Law and the Israeli-Palestinian Peace Agreements (2000)
• Aryeh Yodfat, PLO strategy and politics (1981)
• I. Zertal, Lords of the Land: The War for Israel’s Settlements in the Occupied Territories (2007)
See also
• The review by Jonathan Freedland entitled ‘The Enigma of Ariel Sharon’ in the New York Review of Books (21 December 2006) (copy

available from tutor’s office)

Referencing for Essays
Note: In general, avoid websites and electronic resources not recommended by module tutors or the library (such as Wikipedia) and be

aware that use of sources in essays will affect your grade.

More generally, students seeking published guides to referencing and style should consult the following:
The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago Chicago University Press, latest edition)
MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing (2010)
The Oxford Guide to Style (Oxford: Oxford University Press, latest edition)
The Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors (Oxford: Oxford University Press, latest edition)
New Hart’s Rules: The Handbook of Style for Writers and Editors (Oxford: Oxford University Press, latest edition)

For referencing sources used in essays, you can use the Harvard political science referencing system or the standard history

referencing system. The Harvard system involves putting the reference in parentheses in the text with a full bibliographical citation

at the end of the essay. Full details on the Harvard system are available in the student undergraduate handbook. If you use the

standard history referencing system, these should be supplied as endnotes or footnotes. You must also include a bibliography, in

addition to using endnotes or footnotes. The end/footnotes should be full enough when first cited to be readily identifiable. The first

references to books should indicate author(s) by forename(s)/initial(s) and surname, title in italics (or underlined in typescript),

place of publication and date in round brackets separated by a comma, and, finally, page number(s). For journal articles, the title of

the journal should appear in italics. The name of the publisher should be included only if considered unusual, or significant in the

context of the essay. Any further citation should be indicated by a clear abbreviation with the author’s surname followed by an

abbreviated book title in italics and then the page number. Avoid art.cit., loc.cit., op.cit. When a reference to a particular page or

folio of a single work is followed in the next footnote by a reference to the same item, ibid. (Latin for ibidem meaning ‘in the same

place’) may be used, but for the sake of clarity it should never be used after citations of more than one work. Note: underlining a

word denotes italics if you don’t have that function on your computer. Don’t underline and italicise – do one or the other. For

archival sources list the details of the document (sender, recipient, date), then the details of the archive, and then archival

document reference number. In general, be consistent and follow the rule that footnotes are there to allow readers clear access to the

source used.

Example One (book): A. Woolrych, Soldiers and Statesmen: The General Council of the Army and its Debates 1647-1648 (Oxford, 1987), p.

280.

Thereafter use:
Woolrych, Soldiers and Statesmen, p. 234 (if you are citing more than one page use the system: pp. 234-56).

Example Two (edited volumes): First references to edited volumes should indicate the title in italics, the editor(s), number of

volumes, place of publication and date in round brackets, volume and page.

H. L. Snyder (ed.), The Marlborough-Godolphin Correspondence (3 vols, Oxford, 1975), ii, p. 28.

Thereafter use:
Snyder, Marlborough-Godolphin Correspondence, ii, pp. 25-8 [note: the Roman ‘ii’ refers to the volume number as there are multiple

volumes of this book].

Example Three (book chapters/articles): References to articles and essays should indicate author, title of article in single quotation

marks, journal or title of edited essays in italics, editors of essays, place of publication and date in round brackets, volume where

appropriate, and page:

R. Davis, ‘English Foreign Trade, 1660-1700’ in E. M. Carus-Wilson (ed.), Essays in Economic History (3 vols, London, 1957-62), ii, pp.

257-72.

Thereafter use:
Davis, ‘English Foreign Trade’, iii, p. 264.

H. C. McCorry, ‘Moltke and the Origins of the First World War’, Journal of Military History 74/3 (1996), pp. 1-38.

Thereafter use:
McCorry, ‘Moltke and the Origins’, p. 45.

Example Four (archives): First references to manuscripts should always give the document details and then the archival location and

collection in full, indicating an abbreviation in round brackets for further references:

(1) Typescript of letters of Capt Nicholas Delacherois, 9th Foot, National Army Museum (hereafter NAM), 7805-63, p. 45.

Thereafter use:
Document details, NAM 7805-63, p. 56.

(2) Letter, Russell to Smith, 9 Jan. 1827, Russell Papers, The National Archives (hereafter TNA), 30/22/156, p. 45.

Thereafter use:
Document details, TNA, Russell Papers 30/22/156, p. 56.

GENERAL READING LIST
• Gilbert Achcar, The Arabs and the Holocaust: The Arab-Israeli War of Narratives (2010)
• Bregman, A. Israel’s Wars (2000)
• Bregman, A. A History of Israel (2002)
• Beinin, J. & R. L. Stein. The struggle for sovereignty : Palestine and Israel, 1993-2005. (2006)
• Cleveland, William L., A History of the Modern Middle East (2000)
• Cohen, H. Good Arabs: The Israeli Security Agencies and the Israeli Arabs, 1948-1967 (2010)
• Cronin, S. Subalterns and social protest: history from below in the Middle East & North Africa. New York: Routledge. (2008)
• Dan Cohn-Sherbok and D. el-Alami, The Palestine-Israel Conflict (2001)
• Martin van Creveld, The Sword and the Olive: A Critical History of the Israeli Defence Force (1998)
• Trevor N. Dupuy, Elusive victory: the Arab-Israeli wars, 1947-1974 (1978)
• Simha Flapan, The Birth of Israel: Myths and Realities (1988) (tutor also has a copy).
• TG Fraser, The Arab-Israeli Conflict (1995)
• J Gelvin, The Israel-Palestine Conflict (2005)
• Ghanem, A. Palestinian politics after Arafat: a failed national movement. Bloomington: Indiana University Press (2010)
• Martin Gilbert, A History of Israel (1998)
• Gunning, J. Hamas in Politics – democracy, religion, violence. (2009)
• Chaim Herzog, Arab-Israeli Wars (1984)
• Hiltermann, J. R. Behind the Intifada : labor and women’s movements in the Occupied Territories (1991)
• Hroub, K. Hamas: political thought and practice (2000)
• Jamal, A. Arab Minority Nationalism in Israel: The Politics of Indigeneity (2010)
• Efraim Karsh, Fabricating Israeli History: The New Historians (1997)
• Rashid Khalidi, The Iron Cage: The Story of the Palestinian Struggle for Statehood (2007)
• Khalidi, R. Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness (2009)
• Kretzmer, D., 1990. The Legal Status of the Arabs in Israel. Boulder: Westview Press.
• LeVine, M, 2005. Overthrowing Geography: Jaffa, Tel Aviv, and the Struggle for Palestine, 1880-1948. Oakland: University of

California Press.
• David Lesch, The Arab-Israeli Conflict: A History (Oxford University Press, August 1, 2007)
• Lockman, Z. & J. Beinin., 1999. Intifada: The Palestinian Uprising Against Israel Occupation. New York: South End Press.
• G. and A. Mahler, The Arab-Israeli Conflict: An Introduction and Documentary Reader (2008)
• Peter Mansfield, A History of the Middle East (1992)
• Marx, E. Bedouin of the Negev (1967)
• Beverley Milton-Edwards, Conflicts in the Middle East since 1945 (2001)
• B. Milton-Edwards, The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: A People’s War (2008)
• Benny Morris, 1948 and After: Israel and the Palestinians (1994)
• Benny Morris, The Road to Jerusalem (2002)
• Ritchie Ovendale, The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Wars (1992)
• Ilan Pappe, The Israel/Palestine Question (1999)
• Ilan Pappe, A History of Modern Palestine (2005)
• Ilan Pappe, Out of the Frame: The Struggle for Academic Freedom in Israel (2010)
• Eugene Rogan and Avi Shlaim, The War for Palestine (2001)
• Robinson, S. Citizen Strangers: Palestinian Citizens and the Birth of Israel’s Liberal Settler State (2013)
• Roy, S. Hamas and Civil Society in Gaza: Engaging the Islamist Social Sector (2011)
• Howard Sachar, A History of Israel (1998)
• Kirsten Schulze, The Arab-Israeli Conflict (2008)
• Segev, R. 1949 The First Israelis (1986)
• A. Shlaim, Lion of Jordan: The Life of king Hussein in war and Peace (2007)
• Charles Smith, Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict (1996)
• Tzfadia, E & Yacobi, H , 2011. Rethinking Israeli Space: Periphery and Identity. New York: Routledge.
• Yacobi, H., 2009. The Jewish-Arab City: Spatio-Politics in a Mixed Community. New York: Routledge.
• Yiftachel, O. Ethnocracy (2006)
• Malcolm Yapp, The Near East Since the First World War (1998)

Articles, useful chapters and 2B articles:
• M Bowker and P Williams, ‘Detente and the Middle East War of 1973’ in Bowker and Williams, Superpower Detente: A Reappraisal

(1988).
• J Bowyer Bell, Terror out of Zion: Irgun Zvai Leumi, and the Palestine Underground, 1929-49 (1977) chapter 3 ‘A War of

Attrition, 1946-47’ (looks at the period of Jewish terrorism after the war).
• Chris Bunting, ‘Seeds of a new holocaust’, review of Kimmerling’s hostile book (Politicide – Ariel Sharon’s War against the

Palestinians) on Ariel Sharon in Times Higher Education Supplement, 4 July 2003. Copy in my office for borrowing or in library.
• Neil Caplan, review article, ‘Zionism and the Arabs: Another look at the new historiography’, Journal of Contemporary History,

36/2 (2001), 345-60. Available on library e-journals gateway.
• David Charters, ‘Eyes of the Underground: Jewish Insurgent Intelligence in Palestine, 1945-7’, Intelligence and National

Security, 13/4, 1998, pp.163-77. Available on library e-journals gateway. Available at 2B 10087.
• Erskine Childers, ‘The Other Exodus’ in The Spectator, 12 May 1961 (available at http://www.users.cloud9.net/~recross/israel-

watch/ErskinChilders.html) – examines and discounts the claim that the Arabs ordered the Palestinians to leave in 1948 by the use of

radio broadcasts.
• Erskine Childers, ‘The Wordless Wish: From Citizens to Refugees’, in I. Abu-Lughod (ed.), The Transformation of Palestine

(1971) examines and discounts the claim that the Arabs ordered the Palestinians to leave in 1948 by the use of radio broadcasts.
• Paul Dixon, ‘Vietnam Syndrome?Public Opinion and British Military intervention from Palestine to Yugoslavia’, Review of

International Studies, 26 (2000) 99-121.Available on library e-journals gateway.
• Review by Norman Finkelstein entitled ‘How the Arab-Israeli war of 1967 gave birth to a memorial industry’ in the London Review

of Books, 6 January 2000 of Peter Novick’s The Holocaust in American Life. The library takes this journal.
• Review by Mandy Garner of Finkelstein’s Beyond Chutzpah (2005) in which the reviewer outlines a controversy between Finkelstein

and Dershowitz entitled ‘The Good Jewish Boys Go Into Battle’, Times Higher Education Supplement, 16 December 2005. Copy in the tutor’s

office.
• Charles Glass, Review of Arafat: From Defender to Dictator (entitled ‘Return to Nowhere’) in London Review of Books, 18 March

1999. (A good summary of the life and achievements of Yasser Arafat.) The library takes this newspaper.
• Joseph Heller, ‘A Failure of a Mission: Bernadotte and Palestine 1948’, Journal of Contemporary History, XIV, July 1979,

pp.515-34. Available on library e-journals gateway.
• Matthew Hughes, ‘The October 1973 Arab-Israeli War: Crisis Management and Coercive Bargaining’, RUSI Journal, April 2000,

pp.86-92. Copy in the tutor’s office.
• Matthew Hughes, ‘An Elusive Peace Settlement in Palestine: the Peace Talks Following the 1948-9 Arab-Israeli War’ in Hughes and

Seligmann (eds), Does Peace Lead to War? (2002). Copy in the tutor’s office.
• Matthew Hughes, Institute of Historical Research online Reviews in History (September 2000 review of Avi Shlaim’s Iron Wall at

http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/paper/hughesMat2.htmland September 2001 review of Shlaim and Rogan’s, War for Palestine

athttp://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/paper/hughesMatthew.html.
• Matthew Hughes, ‘Lebanon’s Armed Forces and the Arab-Israeli War, Journal of Palestine Studies (Winter 2005), 24-41. Copy in

tutor’s office or e-journals gateway.
• George Emile Irani (book review), ‘The Lebanese War Revisited’, The Middle East Journal, 55/2, Spring 2001, 320-322. In 2B

collection.
• E Karsh, ‘The Collusion that Never Was: King Abdullah, the Jewish Agency and the Partition of Palestine’, Journal of

Contemporary History, 34/4, October 1999, pp.569-85. Available on library e-journals gateway.
• E Karsh, ‘Rewriting Israel’s History’, Middle East Quarterly, 3 (June 1996) available on line at

http://www.meforum.org/article/302 (good for the ‘new-old’ perspective).
• Rashid Khalidi, ‘Revisionist Views of the Modern History of Palestine 1948’, Arab Studies Quarterly, 10 (1988), 425-32. Copy in

tutor’s office and 2B collection.
• Walid Khalidi, ‘Why did the Palestinians Leave?’,Middle East Forum, XXXV, 7, July 1959, 21-4. Copy in my office and 2B

collection.
• Walid Khalidi, ‘Selected Documents on the 1948 Palestine War’, Journal of Palestine Studies, 27/3, Spring 1998, pp.60-105.

Available on library e-journals gateway.
• Walid Khalidi, ‘Why did the Palestinians leave, revisited’, Journal of Palestine Studies 134 (Winter 2005), 42-54. Available on

library e-journals gateway or copy in tutor’s office.
• Walid Khalidi, ‘Plan Dalet: Master Plan for the Conquest of Palestine’, Journal of Palestine Studies, 18, 1988, pp.4-20.

Available on library e-journals gateway.
• Y Laor, ‘You are Terrorists, We are Virtuous’, London Review of Books (17 August 2006), pp.11-12. Copy in tutor’s office or

available through library. Critique of Israel’s relationship to its army.
• John Lynn, ‘Crossing the Canal: Egyptian Effectiveness and Military Culture in the October War’ in John Lynn, Battle (2003).

Copy of book in library; also copy in tutor’s office.
• Nur Masalha, ‘A Critique on Benny Morris’, Journal of Palestine Studies, 21/1, Autumn 1991, pp.90-7. Available on library e-

journals gateway.
• Philip Mattar, The Mufti of Jerusalem: Al-Hajj Amin al-Husayni and the Palestinian National Movement (1988) chapter ‘The Mufti

of Jerusalem’ (looks at this key figure in the Palestine national movement). Copy of the book in the library.
• John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt, ‘The Israel Lobby’, London Review of Books, 23 March 2006. Anyone interested in the debate

on the effect of the ‘Israel lobby’ in the USA should read this. A copy is available from the tutor’s office. It is an abridged version

of a longer article that can be found at www.ssrn.com or http://web.hks.harvard.edu/publications/workingpapers/ and put in Mearsheimer

under paper author search. The letters in response to this article, including a long one from Alan Dershowitz, can be found in the

London Review of Books (20 April 2006) (copy also available from tutor’s office).
• Special Document File: The Israeli Lobby [see Mearsheimer and Walt above], Journal of Palestine Studies 35/3 (Spring 2006),

pp.83-114. Deals with the Mearsheimer and Walt debate above from London Review of Books and much more. Worth looking at. Copy in

tutor’s office.
• Elizabeth Monroe, Elizabeth and A.H. Farrar-Hockely, The Arab Israeli War, October 1973: background and Events (1974) Good

account of the events of the 1973 war. Copy in tutor’s office.
• Benny Morris, ‘A Second Look at the “Missed Peace” or Smoothing out History: A Review Essay’, Journal of Palestine Studies, 24

(Autumn 1994) pp.78-88. Available on library e-journals gateway; also copy in tutor’s office.
• Benny Morris, ‘Refabricating 1948’, Journal of Palestine Studies, 27/2, Winter 1998, pp.81-95. Available on library e-journals

gateway.
• Benny Morris, ‘The Harvest of 1948 and the Creation of the Palestinian Refugee Problem’, Middle East Journal, Autumn 1986,

pp.671-85. In 2B collection.
• Benny Morris, ‘The Crystallization of Israeli Policy Against a Return of the Arab Refugees, April-December 1948’, Studies in

Zionism, Spring 1985, pp.85-118. In 2B collection.
• Benny Morris, ‘On Ethnic Cleansing’, New Left Review 26 (March/April 2004), pp. 37-51 (very interesting account from Morris on

why he changed his mind on the Palestinians) Copy in library on e-journals gateway.
• Roger Owen, ‘North Africa and the Middle East’ in Howard and Roger Louis, The Oxford History of the Twentieth Century (1998).

On order.
• Ilan Pappe, ‘The Tantura Case: The Katz Research and Trial’, Journal of Palestine Studies, 30/3, Spring 2001. Available on

library e-journals gateway. For more on Katz and the Tantura case, see the appendix to Ilan Pappe’s Out of the Frame (2010). For a

stinging reply to Pappe, see Yossi Ben-Artzi’s review of Out of the Frame in Israel Studies 16/2 ( Summer 2011), pp. 165-183 and Benny

Morris’s ‘The Liar as Hero’ in New Republic, 17 March 2011 (the latter can be found via Google).
• Melanie Phillips versus Avi Shlaim debate on ‘Zionism Today is the Real Enemy of the Jews’ of January 2005 at

http://www.melaniephillips.com/diary/archives/001020.html
and click on the two hyper links at the bottom of Ms Phillips’ page to see the texts of Phillips’ and Shlaim’s speeches.
• Gordon Rudd, ‘The Israeli revisionist historians and the Arab-Israeli conflict’ (in two parts) in Journal of Military History,

October 2003 and January 2004. Good review of Morris and Shlaim and the new historians. Available on library e-journals gateway.
• Scott Sagan, ‘Lessons of the Yom Kippur Alert’, Foreign Policy, 36, Fall 1979, pp.160-77. Available on library e-journals

gateway. Available at 2B 10100.
• Avraham Sela, ‘Transjordan, Israel and the 1948 War: Myth, Historiography and Reality’, Middle Eastern Studies, 28 (1992)

pp.623-688. Available on library e-journals gateway.
• Avi Shlaim, ‘The Debate about 1948’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 27 (1995) pp.287-304. Available on library

e-journals gateway.
• Avi Shlaim, Collusion Across the Jordan (1988) ‘Conclusion’ (examines Israel’s collusion with Jordan to divide Palestine in

1948).
• Avi Shlaim, ‘Failures in National Security Estimates: The Case of the Yom Kippur War’, World Politics, 23/3, April 1976.

Available on library e-journals gateway.
• Avi Shlaim, ‘Capital Folly’ review of Bernard Wasserstein’s Divided Jerusalem: The Struggle for the Holy City in London Review

of Books 21 March 2002 (good brief outline not just of battle of Jerusalem but also the recent peace talks and why they failed).

Available in the library or copy in tutor’s office.
• Avi Shlaim, ‘A Road Map to Where?’in London Review of Books 19 June March 2003 (good outline of the priblems with Bush’s road

map scheme of 2003). Available in the library or copy in tutor’s office.
• Avi Shlaim, ‘A Totalitarian Concept of History’, Middle East Quarterly, 1996 available on line at

http://www.meforum.org/article/92 (critique of the ‘new-old’ historian Karsh by Shlaim).
• Avi Shlaim, ‘The War of the Israeli Historians’, copy of a lecture by Shlaim on the historiographical debate. Copy available

from tutor’s office or see http://users.ox.ac.uk/~ssfc0005/The%20War%20of%20the%20Israeli%20Historians.html
• Shabtai Teveth, ‘The Palestine Refugee Problem and its Origins’, Middle Eastern Studies, 26 (1990) pp.214-49. E-journals

gateway.
• Michael Thornhill, Review of John Kent’s Egypt and the Defence of the Middle East (1998) 3 Vols, in Times Literary Supplement,

3 September 1999.
• W. Andrew Terril, ‘The Political Mythology of the Battle of Karameh’, The Middle East Journal, 55/1, Winter 2001, 91-111. In 2B

collection.
• Torre Tingvold Petersen, review article entitled ‘How not to stand up to Arabs and Israelis’ in International History Review,

September 2003. In 2B collection.

Websites and newspapers:
• David Clark, ‘The brilliant Offer that Israel never made’, 10 April 2002, in The Guardian at

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/apr/10/comment (article on the failed Palestinian-Israeli peace process in the 1990s and up to the

second Intifadah).
• Matthew Hughes, September 2000 review of Avi Shlaim’s Iron Wall in IHR Reviews in History series go to

http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/reviewer.html#h
• Matthew Hughes, September 2001 review of Shlaim and Rogan’s, War for Palestine in IHR Reviews in History series go to

http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/reviewer.html#h
• Benny Morris, ‘Peace? No chance’, from the Guardian, 21 February 2002 at

http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0,3604,653417,00.html
• Avi Shlaim, ‘A Betrayal of History’, from the Guardian, 22 February 2002 at

http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0,3604,653992,00.html
• Avi Shlaim, ‘Ariel Sharon promised peace with security and has decidedly failed to deliver either….’, Times Higher Education

Supplement, 26 April 2002, pp.18-19 (good summary of the peace talks of the 1990s).
• For ‘New-Old’ Historiography also try www.thenewrepublic.com
• For Karsh (a ‘new-old’ historian) see Efraim Karsh ‘Historical Fictions’, Middle East Quarterly (1996) at

http://www.meforum.org/article/93 or http://www.meforum.org/meq/issues/199606and Efraim Karsh ‘Debating Israel’s Early Years’, Middle

East Quarterly (1996) athttp://www.meforum.org/meq/june96/karsh.shtml
Films and TV Productions (documentary and fiction – partial list)
• Israel and the Arabs: Fifty Years War (1998). This is a set of six programmes recorded on three videos that preceded the

publication of Ahron Bregman and Jihan El-Tahri’s The Fifty Years War (1998) book that accompanied the series. This is in the library.

This is worth watching.
• Israel and the Arabs (BBC2 2005)
• The law in these parts – a documentary on the role of law and the military courts in the Occupied Palestinian Territories
• The gatekeepers – a documentary on the role of the Israeli Secret Services
• 5 Broken Cameras – a documentary on resistance to the construction of the separation wall
• Waltz with Bashir – on the Israeli invasion to Lebanon 1982 and memories of one Israeli soldier
• ‘Lebanon’ – on the Israeli invasion to Lebanon 1982 – warfare as seen from the inside of a tank.
• The Promise (Channel 4) – fiction mini-series.
• Arna’s Children – documentary about the children theatre in Jenin and the fate of its participants.
• Paradise Now – Fiction film follows Palestinian childhood friends who live in Nablus and have been recruited for suicide

attack in Tel Aviv.
• Jenin, Jenin – a controversial documentary about the massacre the Israeli army allegedly committed in Jenin in 2002.
• The Wanted 18 – a stop motion animation/documentary depicting a story of everyday resistance during the First Intifada, centred

around a group of Palestinians from Beit Sahur trying to start their own collective dairy farm (whose 18 cows were deemed a ‘threat to

Israeli security’ by the Israeli army)
• Omar/Bethlehem – two films, one by a Palestinian film maker, the other by an Israeli-Jewish film maker; both are fiction films

depicting the phenomenon of Palestinian ‘collaborators’ with the Israeli state, from two very different perspectives.
• Neviim docushorts – short ‘monologues’ with members of the Mizrahi radical activist community, speaking about the experience

of being part of a ‘Mizrahi struggle’ in Israel (online, with English subtitles here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K551S0B_Hj8
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