Chapter one – Basics Concepts about Matter
4) Classify each of the following as matter or energy (nonmatter). . . E
a. A bacterium
b. Oxygen E
0. Water ‘ ‘ E
(1. Electricity E , 1
6 )What physical characteristic
a. distinguishes liquids from solids?
b. is the same for the liquid and solid states? E
8 ) Indicate whether each of the following substances does or does not take the shape of its E
container and also whether it has an indefinite volume. E
b..Carbondioxide gas . . . ,, V E
c. Clean air E
d. Gasoline E
10) The following are properties of the metal lithium. Classify each property as physical or H i E I
chemical..awReacts.vigorously.with..water………. ……. a.
b.-»Density-is110.534.»g/mL at 20°C .. 1 . E. . _, , . ._ j ,1 1 E.
0. Liquid at 200°C 1 ‘ ‘ E-
12 ) Indicate whether each of the following statements describes a physical or a chemical
property. a. Diamonds are very hard substances.
b. Gold metal does not react with nitric acid.
-c.-I:i-th-iunrmetal-iselight-enough-te-fleaton-water+
d. Mercury is a liquid at room temperature.
18) Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical.
a. A newspaper page turns yellow over time.
b.uArubber~bandbreaks. .. ,. _. .. _ _ .. .. .. . m …. 1
c. A firecr’aCker explodes.
“agory’ice‘ .“dis‘appean” overtime.
26) Assign ea’ch‘of the following descriptionsof matter to one of the following categories:
heterogeneous mixture, homogeneous mixture, or pure substance.
a. Three substances present, one phase present
b. One substance present, three phases present
0. One substance present, one phase present
d. Two substances present, three phases present
28 Classify each of the following as a heterogeneous mixture, a homogeneous mixture, or a pure
substance. Also indicate how many phases are present, assuming all components are present in
the same container.
a. water and ice
4 bwaterandofl
“cwater,ice,andparaffinwax
(1. water, dissolved sugar, and dissolved salt
30) Fromthe information given, classify each of-the pure Substances A through D as elements or
compounds, or indicate that no such classification is possible because of insufficient information.
a. Substance A cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
b. Substance B cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical means.
c. SubstanceC readilydi‘ssolvesin water. – __ ” -‘ ‘ . ‘ 7
dSubstance Dreadilyreactswuhtheelementchlorine ‘. f f [j]
36) Assign each of the following descriptions of matter to one of the following categories:
element, compound, or mixture.
a. One substance present, two elements present
-b.-‘Ilwo-substanees-presentTtwo-pha-ses-present-
0. One substance present, one phase present, substance can be decomposed using chemical
means
d. Three elements present, composition is definite and constant
40) Indicate whether each of the following characterizations of the elements copper and Sulfur is
true or false.
a. A compound containing copper and sulfur can have a variable composition.
b. In a compound of copper and sulfur, the two elements maintain their individual properties.
c. In a mixture containing copper and sulfur, physi- cal methods can be used to separate the
substances present.
d. In a mixture containing copper and sulfur, the two ele- ments are chemically combined rather
than physically combined.
48) (Chemical Connections l-B) Indicate whether each of the following statements concerning
the elemental composi- tion of the human body is true or false.
a. In terms of mass percent, carbohydrates are more abundant in the human body than are fats.
b’.‘ In’terms of atom percent, the two’most abundant ele- ments ‘in’the’human body are oxygen and
carbon. .’ ‘ ‘ _ H i
0. Approximately 86% of the atoms in the human body are either hydrogen or oxygen atoms.
(1. Both carbohydrates and proteins are good sources of the element oxygen.
50) Give the name of the element denoted by each of the following chemical symbols.
a. Hg.
(1. Be ‘ I I
52)’GiVe the‘chemical symbol for ’each’of the’following’elements;
a. Lithium
b. Helium
c. Fluorine
d. Zinc
54) Write the chemical symbol for each member of the following pairs of elements.
a. Copper and cobalt
b. Potassium and phosphorus
0. Iron and iodine
(1. Silicon and silver
80) Write chemical formulas for compounds in which the fol- lowing numbers of atoms are
present in a molecule of the oompound.
a. Vitamin C: 6 C atoms, 8 H atoms, and 6 O atoms
b. Nicotine: 10 C atoms, 14 H atoms, and 2 N at
82) Write a chemical formula for each of the following sub- stances based on the information
given about a molecule of the substance;
a. A molecule of nitrous oxide contains twice as many atoms of nitrogen as of oxygen and is
triatornic.
b. A molecule of nitric acid is pentaatomic and contains three atoms of oxygen and the elements
hydrogen and nitrogen.
86). On the basis of the informationgiven, determine the numerical “value of the subscript x in V V H
each, of the following chemical formulas. 7 7 7 7 ,, 7 7
a. NaNOx; formula unit contains 5 atoms
b. Ba(COx)2; formula unit contains 9 atoms
0. CXHSClx; formula unit contains 11 atoms
d. HxSxo4x; formula unit contains 12 atoms