commands and statements
(a) Why can’t commands like “Don’t touch my car!” be statements?
(b) What is the difference between proving and asserting a claim? examples to support your answer.
(c) Why can’t arguments be described as “true”? Give
(d) Give two common features of inductive arguments.
(e) Give two reasons why an inductive argument could be unreliable.
(f) Read the following passage then answer the questions that follow.
Young male drivers have much higher crash rates than young female drivers. Furthermore, in the UK, young male drivers aged 17-20 are seven times more at risk than all male drivers. Between the hours of 2 and 5 am their risk is 17 times higher1. This therefore means that Paul, who is 19, is much more likely to have an accident than his sister or his dad. Moreover, his sister and dad never drive between 2 and 5 am.
1
Source: Night-time Accidents, (Centre for Transport Studies, University College London, 2005). 1
(i) What is the conclusion of this argument?
(ii) Is this argument inductive or deductive? Explain your answer with reference to the passage.
(iii) What role does the statement “Moreover, his sister and dad never drive between 2 am and 5 am” play in the argument?
(iv) Comment on the reliability of this argument.
(g) Explain the difference between “denying the antecedent” and “affirming the consequent”. Give examples to support your answer.
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