Early diagnetic processes in saline, alkaline lakes
Select any paper title from the list provided (two or more people can select the same title,
but you may be chasing the same library resources). Sorry, but no alternative titles will
be accepted.
You do not need to check with me when selecting a topic. Interpret the title as you wish,
but the paper must show that you have consulted a reasonable number of original sources
on the topic. Term papers that summarise (paraphrase) just one or two sources will not
score as highly as those that demonstrate breadth in coverage of the literature on the
topic.
The paper should be written as a technical paper using standard scientific style. It will by
necessity be a short review of the literature on the topic because no original results are
being presented. It should be conceptually up-to-date.
Each paper needs a 200 to 250-word abstract (single spaced) that summarises the main
points of the paper. The abstract should be informative and factual rather than merely
descriptive. See, for example, the following for advice (or look up abstract writing in
Google):
http://research.berkeley.edu/ucday/abstract.html
http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_abstract.shtml
The text should provide a general Introduction to the topic, followed by the main details
about the topic, a short Discussion (if appropriate), and some Conclusions. The
Discussion (not essential) is where you have an opportunity to express some opinions on
the topic by, for example, assessing or comparing ideas presented in different papers.
However, avoid “I think that . . .” – keep any discussion in neutral (non-personal)
language. Look at published papers to get an idea of what is included in a Discussion
section.
This should be followed by a reference list of papers read and any credible websites
consulted (not Wikipedia), using one standard geological journal reference format (e.g.
Sedimentology, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, etc.).
The text should be double-spaced, the abstract and references single-spaced. Use
headings and subheadings and cite references in the text (Jones, 1997; Smith et al., 2008)
in the normal manner of most geological journals.
Include a reasonable number of useful Figures (diagrams, etc.), as appropriate, citing the
source of the figure in the caption. Defining “reasonable” is difficult, but if half of the
term paper is full-page figures, that is too many!
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The maximum length should be 18 pages, including all figures and references, but
excluding the cover page. The minimum expectation is 15 pages.
Good grammar and attention to detail are expected. Proof read the paper before you hand
it in – make corrections if needed.
The firm deadline for submission is 2:00 pm on Friday 23 November
as stapled hard copy (i.e. not as an e-mailed PDF).
The paper is worth 25% of the course. After 2:00 pm on 23 November, there will be an
automatic 10% deduction per day for late submissions (i.e. it will be marked out of 90 at
2:00 pm on 23rd, 80 on the 24th, etc.). No exceptions – you have two months to meet the
deadline.
1. Lacustrine sedimentation on Mars.
2. Precambrian lakes and their palaeoenvironmental interpretation
3. Using lake sediments as records of palaeoseismicity.
4. Mono Lake, California: its sedimentation and history.
5. The palaeolimnological evidence for historical acidification of lakes in northwestern
Europe.
6. The impact of sublacustrine thermal springs on lake sedimentation and lake
geochemistry.
7. The Holocene palaeoclimate of southern and central Saskatchewan: evidence from
lake sediment records.
8. The limnology, geochemistry and biology of the McMurdo Dry Valley Lakes of
Antarctica.
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9. The importance of meromixis in formation of lacustrine source rocks.
10. The genesis and significance of turbidites in the geological record of lacustrine
systems.
11. The geological record and importance of sponges in lakes.
12. The impact of agriculture on Post-Glacial lake sedimentation in Europe.
13. Early diagenetic processes in saline, alkaline lakes.
14. The geological history of the Caspian Sea.
15. The depositional setting, origin and economic importance of lacustrine borates
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7.Write a cause and effect essay discussing a historical event. Be sure to focus on either the cause or the effect of the event. Also, try to focus your paper on a specific event. For example, instead of writing about the Second World War, you should focus on a moment in that war, such as the attack on Pearl Harbor. Remember to be specific and detailed in your writing. Some things you might want to think about:
• What was the causal chain that led to the event?
• What were the ramifications of the event? How is the world different because of it?
Option #2
Write a comparison-contrast essay discussing the differences between two famous historical figures. Focus on specific similarities and differences. Feel free to use specific examples from different spheres of influences, like music, film or literature, but be sure that they are analogous. Some things you might want to think about:
• What are the backgrounds of the individuals?
• Where are they from?
• Discuss their achievements and accolades.
• What is the public perception of these people?
Objectives:
• Students will practice different types of invention strategies.
• Students will appeal to the emotions of their audience in their own essays.
• Students will write effective introductions.
• Students will experiment with analytical skills.
• Students will practice cause and effect and comparison.
Evaluation Criteria
• The most important thing is that you fully use you analytical skills in using the appropriate rhetorical structure.
• I will be looking to see how well you appeal to your audience and how well you stress the logical and emotional aspects of your association with the person/place. Also, I will be looking for the use of opening and concluding strategies.
• The style will be formal, and I want to see how well you can utilize the standards of American Edited English.
• I will be looking to see how well you incorporate cause and effect and comparison into your essay.
• I will focus on the quality of your introduction.
• I am not looking for grammatical perfection, but the essay must be readable and free of mechanical errors that distract your reader.
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