Environmental issues
1. Evaluate spheres of the environment that may be impacted and manage the interaction of project actions on key environmental receptors ;
2. Apply the operatin g principles of EIA to critically evaluate the broad environmental and social impacts of petroleum extraction, processing and transportatio n;
3. Assess the link between environmental management plans (EMP) and environmental management systems (EMS) in the oil and gas industry .
11. Procedure
Background Information
As of January 2014, Peru in South America had 633 million barrels of proven oil reserve s, according to the US Energy Information Administration , and majority of these are located onshore. In Central and South America, Peru is
also the third largest holder of natural gas reserves (about 15.4 trillion cubic feet as of 2014). The San Martín reservoir situated with in the Amazon Rainforest (Fig . 1) has been a prolific producer of natural gas since the 1980s.
The government of Peru is planning a future project expansion in the Camisea gas field of the San Martín reservoir to extract and transport natural gas from the Urubamba River area (Fig . 2) to major markets around the Americas. The
project is expected to supply natural gas to southern Peru (Fig. 1) where copper mining is a major earner. However, local communities around the Camisea field have complained over the years about the negative impacts of current projects in the Camisea field and the San Martín area in general. The preservation of natural ecosystem services that have been enjoyed by the people prior to the 1980s remain a source of concern and it is now difficult to convince the people that the planned natural gas extension project in the Camisea area will have minimal negative impact. In addition, Frankenberg et
al. (2005) and Nisbet et al. (2014) have argued that the tropical region, where Peru belongs, holds unexpectedly high methane concentrations. Table 1 shows the details of the segments, facilities and equipment expected for the planned expansion project.
Table 1: Oil and natural gas systems likely to be installed as a result of the planned project expansion in the Camisea gas field of the San Martín reservoir , Peru.
Segment Facility Equipment at the facility
1 Production Wells, central gathering
facilities
Separators, pneumatic devices,
chemical injection pumps, dehydrators,
compressors, heaters, meters,
pipelines, liquid storage tanks
2 Processing Gas plants Vessels, dehydrators, compressors,
acid gas removal (AGR) units, heaters,
pneumatic devices
3 Transportation and
storage
Transportation pipeline
networks, compressor
stations, meter and pressure -regulating stations,
underground injection/
withdrawal facilities, liquefied
natural gas (LNG) facilities
Vessels, compressors, pipelines,
meters/pressure regulators, pneumatic
devices, dehydrators, heaters
4 Distribution Main and service pipeline
networks, meter and pressure
regulating stations
Pipelines, meters, pressure regulators,
pneumatic devices, customer meters
Source: adapted from US EPA (2013)
Your tasks
Write a report to cover the following major tasks:
1. Tabulate and briefly explain four types of environmental impacts (namely: irreversible, synergistic, cumulative and positive impacts) that may occur on each of the following environmental receptors if this gas expansion project
proceeds:
a.) Biosphere (e.g. human and other living things) ;
b.) Hydrosphere (e.g. surface and ground water systems) ;
c.) Lithosphere (e.g. agricultural space/practices) ;
d.) Atmosphere
2. Using the data provided in the ba ckground information above, you are required to critically analyse/evaluate the environmental impacts associated with production; processing; transportation and storage ; and distribution based on
Table 1 for the proposed gas expansion project in the Camisea area of Peru. The impact evaluation should be illustrated using the following EIA operating principles: (i.) Scoping; (ii.) Alternatives; (iii.) Impact analysis; (iv) Mitigation
3. Based on tasks 1 and 2 above, develop a tabulated Environmental Management Plan linked to an Environmental Management System on the post project monitoring and appraisal of the project.
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