Geology
Part A: Short answers
1. Which volcano type would be more likely to produce a large explosive eruption: a cinder
cone or a lava dome? (1) Why? (1)
2. What do basalt and rhyolite have in common? (1) What makes them different? (1)
3. What type of rocks would you expect to find in a shield volcano? (2) Explain why (3)
4. What type of rocks would you expect to find in a stratovolcano? (2) Explain why. (3)
5. What mineral is the mantle made of? What rock is the mantle made of? (2)
6. What is aphanitic texture? (1) How does it form? (1)
7. In what type of environment or location do limestones form? (1)
8. What is a shale? (1) Where and how does it form? (2)
9. What type of silicate is the mineral muscovite? (1) How is that different from the
mineral plagioclase? (1)
10. What minerals are the main components of the continental crust? (2)
11. What is a pegmatite? (1) How does it form? (1) Which part of Bowen’s reaction series
does it best represent? Explain why? (2)
12. What does diorite and granite have in common? (1) What makes them different? (1)
13. What is porphyritic texture? (1) How does it form? (1) What rock commonly has this
texture? (1)
14. Explain what a mature sediment is. (3)
15. What is a schist? (1) What is its protolith? (1)
16. What is contact metamorphism? (3)
17. What are two rock types you would expect to form in contact metamorphism? (2)
Explain their textures or what they look like. (2)
18. What do you get when you metamorphose a sandstone? (1)
19. What is the protolith of a marble? (1)
20. What is foliation? (1) Explain three different ways it could be formed. (3)
Part B: Answer all the following questions.
1. Explain what happens at a subduction zone. Make sure to include processes in the
mantle, in the subducting plate, and on the non-subducting plate. (10)
2. Explain how Bowen’s Reaction Series works. (5)
3. Now explain how Bowen’s reaction series is related to different types of igneous ROCKS.
(5)
4. How are sedimentary rocks classified? Explain at least two different ways to classify and
name them. (4)
5. Explain how sediments change through erosion and transport. (5)
6. Explain why a sandstone and a conglomerate are different from each other, using
physical features and by explaining where and how each of them forms. (8)
7. What do you get when you metamorphose a basalt in a subduction zone? (3) Explain
briefly what each of those rocks are made up of. (6)
8. Explain how we name and classify metamorphic rocks. Include an example of a rock
name to illustrate your answer. (4)
9. On the diagram below, name 6 different rock types that could be present in this
environment.
For each:
Name the rock AND mark its location on the picture (12)
Explain what each rock is made up of (12)
10. On the diagram below, name 6 different rock types that could be present in this
environment.
For each:
Name the rock AND mark its location on the picture (12)
Explain what each rock is made up of (12)