Intermediate Macroeconomics – Cheap Research Essays

Procedure: Please prepare a word document with all the graphs from Part I, Part II and
Part IV along with the answers to Part III and Part V to upload to Moodle. Along with your
submission prepare a separate excel Öle with your data and calculation. Only the written reports
will be marked but the data Öles are essential in order to verify the validity of your data and
calculations (at the markerís discretion). Instructions on how to upload your submissions will
appear on Moodle and will also be discussed in the lecture.
Part I
Using U.K. Data
1. Find the GDP data at National Statistics located at:
http://www.ons.gov.uk/economy
2. Choose the variables:
(a) NMRK
http://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/timeseries/NMRK
General Government: Final consumption expenditure (P3): CP NSA £ m
(b) NPQX
http://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/timeseries/NPQX
Total Gross Fixed Capital Formation CP NSA £ m
(c) BKTL
http://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/timeseries/BKTL
Gross Domestic Product at market prices: Current price: CP NSA £ m
(d) NMRU
http://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/timeseries/NMRU
General Government: Final consumption expenditure: P3: CVM £ m
(e) NPQR
http://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/timeseries/NPQR
Total Gross Fixed Capital Formation CVM NSA £ m
(f) BKVT
http://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/timeseries/BKVT
Gross Domestic Product: : CVM NSA £ m
3. Save the annual data only for the years 1948-2014 (the data for 2015 will be released only
later in February).
1
Cty University London Intermediate Macroeconomics 2 EC2016
a) (2 marks) Create a scatter plot with government consumption expenditure NMRK on the horizontal axis and gross Öxed capital formation (investment) NPQX on the vertical axis. (current
prices).
b) (2 marks) Create a scatter plot with government consumption expenditure NMRU on the
horizontal axis and gross Öxed capital formation (investment) NPQR on the vertical axis (chained
volume measures).
c) (3 marks) Create a scatter plot with government consumption expenditure NMRK divided by
Gross Domestic Product BKTL on the horizontal axis and gross Öxed capital formation NPQX
divided by Gross Domestic Product BKTL on the vertical axis.
d) (3 marks) Create a scatter plot with government consumption expenditure NMRU divided by
Gross Domestic Product BKVT on the horizontal axis and gross Öxed capital formation NPQR
divided by Gross Domestic Product BKVT on the vertical axis.
Part II
Using U.S. Data
1. Find the web site of the Bureau of Economic Analysis (part of the U.S. Department of
Commerce) and go to the page with national accounts, located at:
http://www.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?ReqID=9&step=1#reqid=9&step=1&isuri=1
2. In Section 1, select Table 1.1.5.
3. Press modify and request the table with annual data from 1929 to 2015 and press the
button refresh table.
4. After the new chart appears, press “download” and save as xls.
a) (2 marks) Using the data from Table 1.1.5, create a scatter plot with nominal government
consumption expenditures & gross investment on the horizontal axis and nominal gross private
domestic investment on the vertical axis.
b) (2 marks) Select Table 1.1.6 and repeat the process above. Create a scatter plot with real
government consumption expenditures & gross investment on the horizontal axis and gross
private domestic investment on the vertical axis.
c) (3 marks) Use the data from Table 1.1.5 to calculate government consumption expenditures
& gross investment and gross private domestic investment, each as fractions of GDP. Create
a scatter plot with government consumption expenditures & gross investment/GDP on the
horizontal axis. and gross private domestic investment/GDP on the vertical axis.
2
Cty University London Intermediate Macroeconomics 2 EC2016
d) (3 marks) Use the data from Table 1.1.6 to calculate government consumption expenditures
& gross investment and gross private domestic investment, each as fractions of GDP. Create
a scatter plot with government consumption expenditures & gross investment/GDP on the
horizontal axis. and gross private domestic investment/GDP on the vertical axis.
Part III
a) (30 marks) Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are two politicians from rival parties who have seen
the results from Part I and Part II. According to Rosencrantz the evidence plainly suggests that
government expenditure crowds in investment, i.e. more government expenditure will inevitably
cause higher investment. Guildenstern argues based on the same charts that government expenditure crowds out investment, i.e. the causation runs the other way. In 500 words or less,
explain the patterns in the eight graphs you have produced and why the relationship appears so
di§erent depending on whether you use nominal variables, real variables or a fraction of GDP.
Who is right, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, or consider that perhaps neither is right?
b) (10 marks) For both Part I and Part II compare the patterns of the graphs in sections c)
and d) where in each case the data is denominated as fractions of GDP. Do the patterns exactly
match or do they di§er slightly? Explain why or why not.
Part IV (20 marks)
Using World Data (Penn World Tables)
This question is about growth accounting. Assume output takes the Cobb Douglas form:
Yt = ztKtNt1
Applying the natural logarithm to both sides:
ln Yt = ln zt + ln Kt + (1 ) ln Nt
Introducing the previous period t 1:
ln Yt ln Yt1 = ln zt ln zt1 + (ln Kt ln Kt1) + (1 ) (ln Nt ln Nt1)
which can be expressed as rates of change:
Y ^t = ^ zt + K ^t + (1 ) N ^t
where Y ^t is the rate of output growth, z ^t is the growth rate of total factor productivity, K ^t is the
growth rate of the capital stock, N ^t is the growth rate of labour inputs, is the share of capital
in output, and 1 the share of labour. This is how the di§erent factors in Table 7.3 (page
278 in Williamson) contribute to economic growth. We can rewrite this in per-capita terms:
Y ^t N ^t = ^ zt + K ^t N ^t
where Y ^t N ^t is the rate of per-capita (or per-worker) output growth and K ^t N ^t is the rate of
per-capita (or per-worker) growth in the capital stock.
3
Applying the natural logarithm to both sides:
ln Yt = ln zt + ln Kt + (1 ) ln Nt
Introducing the previous period t 1:
ln Yt ln Yt1 = ln zt ln zt1 + (ln Kt ln Kt1) + (1 ) (ln Nt ln Nt1)
which can be expressed as rates of change:
Y ^t = ^ zt + K ^t + (1 ) N ^t
where Y ^t is the rate of output growth, z ^t is the growth rate of total factor productivity, K ^t is the
growth rate of the capital stock, N ^t is the growth rate of labour inputs, is the share of capital
in output, and 1 the share of labour. This is how the di§erent factors in Table 7.3 (page
278 in Williamson) contribute to economic growth. We can rewrite this in per-capita terms:
Y ^t N ^t = ^ zt + K ^t N ^t
where Y ^t N ^t is the rate of per-capita (or per-worker) output growth and K ^t N ^t is the rate of
per-capita (or per-worker) growth in the capital stock.
31 = ln zt ln zt1 + (ln Kt ln Kt1) + (1 ) (ln Nt ln Nt1)
which can be expressed as rates of change:
Y ^t = ^ zt + K ^t + (1 ) N ^t
where Y ^t is the rate of output growth, z ^t is the growth rate of total factor productivity, K ^t is the
growth rate of the capital stock, N ^t is the growth rate of labour inputs, is the share of capital
in output, and 1 the share of labour. This is how the di§erent factors in Table 7.3 (page
278 in Williamson) contribute to economic growth. We can rewrite this in per-capita terms:
Y ^t N ^t = ^ zt + K ^t N ^t
where Y ^t N ^t is the rate of per-capita (or per-worker) output growth and K ^t N ^t is the rate of
per-capita (or per-worker) growth in the capital stock.
31 + (ln Kt ln Kt1) + (1 ) (ln Nt ln Nt1)
which can be expressed as rates of change:
Y ^t = ^ zt + K ^t + (1 ) N ^t
where Y ^t is the rate of output growth, z ^t is the growth rate of total factor productivity, K ^t is the
growth rate of the capital stock, N ^t is the growth rate of labour inputs, is the share of capital
in output, and 1 the share of labour. This is how the di§erent factors in Table 7.3 (page
278 in Williamson) contribute to economic growth. We can rewrite this in per-capita terms:
Y ^t N ^t = ^ zt + K ^t N ^t
where Y ^t N ^t is the rate of per-capita (or per-worker) output growth and K ^t N ^t is the rate of
per-capita (or per-worker) growth in the capital stock.
31) + (1 ) (ln Nt ln Nt1)
which can be expressed as rates of change:
Y ^t = ^ zt + K ^t + (1 ) N ^t
where Y ^t is the rate of output growth, z ^t is the growth rate of total factor productivity, K ^t is the
growth rate of the capital stock, N ^t is the growth rate of labour inputs, is the share of capital
in output, and 1 the share of labour. This is how the di§erent factors in Table 7.3 (page
278 in Williamson) contribute to economic growth. We can rewrite this in per-capita terms:
Y ^t N ^t = ^ zt + K ^t N ^t
where Y ^t N ^t is the rate of per-capita (or per-worker) output growth and K ^t N ^t is the rate of
per-capita (or per-worker) growth in the capital stock.
31)
which can be expressed as rates of change:
Y ^t = ^ zt + K ^t + (1 ) N ^t
where Y ^t is the rate of output growth, z ^t is the growth rate of total factor productivity, K ^t is the
growth rate of the capital stock, N ^t is the growth rate of labour inputs, is the share of capital
in output, and 1 the share of labour. This is how the di§erent factors in Table 7.3 (page
278 in Williamson) contribute to economic growth. We can rewrite this in per-capita terms:
Y ^t N ^t = ^ zt + K ^t N ^t
where Y ^t N ^t is the rate of per-capita (or per-worker) output growth and K ^t N ^t is the rate of
per-capita (or per-worker) growth in the capital stock.
3
Cty University London Intermediate Macroeconomics 2 EC2016
1. Go to the website for the Penn World Tables 8.0 now available from the University of
Groningen:
http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/pwt-8.0. (Do not use 8.1, it is not yet complete) and download the data set (I recommend using excel).
2. Save the variables: pop, emp, rgdpna, rkna, rtfpna.
3. Choose six di§erent countries, one country from each of the following (make sure that the
countries you choose have at least twenty years of continuous data for rgdpna, rkna, rtfpna
and either pop or emp (emp is better since it measures workers but lots of countries do
not have enough data, so you can use the variable pop instead):
(a) Western Europe, USA, Canada, Australia, or New Zealand.
(b) Sub-Saharan Africa.
(c) East Asia.
(d) Two other countries where the Örst letters of two of the additional countries correspond to your own initials.
(e) One additional country.
Example: Someone named John Smith might choose Jordan and Senegal or Jamaica and
Seychelles. If a name begins with the letters W, X, or Y choose countries whose names
begin with A or Z instead.
4. For each country, graph Y ^t N ^t, K ^t N ^t, and z ^t for each year in your sample as they
evolve over time (separate graphs for each country) .
Part V (20 marks)
Compare the di§erent graphs in Part IV and explain in 500 words or less which of the countries you studied conÖrm or contradict the predictions of the Solow Growth Model in Chapter 7.
Hint: read Krugmanís 1994 article in Foreign A§airs which can be found on Moodle and think
about his description of Asian growth.
4 N ^t, and z ^t for each year in your sample as they
evolve over time (separate graphs for each country) .
Part V (20 marks)
Compare the di§erent graphs in Part IV and explain in 500 words or less which of the countries you studied conÖrm or contradict the predictions of the Solow Growth Model in Chapter 7.
Hint: read Krugmanís 1994 article in Foreign A§airs which can be found on Moodle and think
about his description of Asian growth.
4
countrycode country currency_unit year pop emp rgdpna rkna rtfpna Yt^ Kt^ Nt^ zt^ Yt^-Nt^ Kt^-Nt^
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1950 50.13906501 22.40539169 484809.9005 990777.8125 0.600838661
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1951 50.30210424 22.48350525 505501.6611 1014463.313 0.618178189 0.042680153 0.023905965 0.003486373 0.028858875 0.03919378 0.020419592
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1952 50.44213794 22.55136681 509460.5701 1027190.75 0.617430687 0.007831644 0.012545981 0.003018282 -0.001209201 0.004813362 0.009527699
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1953 50.60517717 22.62954903 532961.21 1046158.25 0.638587236 0.046128476 0.018465412 0.003466851 0.034265465 0.042661626 0.014998561
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1954 50.77721857 22.71178627 548802.3076 1067218 0.649657905 0.029722796 0.020130559 0.003634065 0.017336188 0.026088732 0.016496494
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1955 50.95826213 22.79809189 564764.7192 1095411 0.658976078 0.029085905 0.026417283 0.003800037 0.014343199 0.025285868 0.022617247
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1956 51.19631942 22.90994644 570421.075 1123377.625 0.655818641 0.01001542 0.025530714 0.004906312 -0.004791429 0.005109108 0.020624402
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1957 51.44237863 23.02543449 577502.3963 1153014.875 0.653974056 0.0124142 0.026382268 0.005040957 -0.002812645 0.007373243 0.021341311
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1958 51.66443206 23.13022423 579363.344 1178883.125 0.647316575 0.003222407 0.022435313 0.004551043 -0.010180039 -0.001328636 0.017884271
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1959 51.96850523 23.27178955 597621.8266 1209992 0.657222211 0.031514736 0.02638843 0.006120361 0.015302615 0.025394375 0.020268069
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1960 52.38460535 24.18382072 622561.5454 1249250.625 0.658716798 0.041731606 0.032445359 0.039190419 0.002274096 0.002541188 -0.006745059
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1961 52.81971005 24.45788765 635972.9854 1300008.125 0.654066384 0.021542352 0.040630358 0.011332656 -0.007059808 0.010209696 0.029297702
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1962 53.30482679 24.63292694 647166.7146 1334637.125 0.651837885 0.017600951 0.026637526 0.007156762 -0.003407144 0.010444188 0.019480763
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1963 53.63790694 24.66293526 672197.0662 1377004.875 0.664385557 0.038676822 0.031744771 0.00121822 0.019249682 0.037458602 0.030526551
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1964 54.00399503 24.95200348 709934.4748 1441272.875 0.680444658 0.056140395 0.046672311 0.011720755 0.024171357 0.04441964 0.034951556
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1965 54.36308144 25.20506477 726444.5489 1502439.125 0.676857829 0.023255772 0.042439049 0.010141923 -0.005271301 0.013113849 0.032297126
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1966 54.65615196 25.35710144 740596.0849 1560465.875 0.67403394 0.019480545 0.038621698 0.006031989 -0.004172057 0.013448557 0.032589709
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1967 54.97222802 24.99301338 757106.159 1624544.25 0.681349397 0.022292954 0.041063618 -0.014358426 0.010853247 0.036651379 0.055422044
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1968 55.22728939 24.84197807 811353.6417 1695681.875 0.717457891 0.071651092 0.043789281 -0.006043101 0.052995561 0.077694193 0.049832382
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1969 55.47434884 24.86398315 804277.9044 1762844 0.696739316 -0.008720904 0.039607739 0.000885802 -0.028877757 -0.009606706 0.038721937
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1970 55.64539 24.75895691 820787.9785 1822871.375 0.700218856 0.020527823 0.034051439 -0.004224031 0.004994035 0.024751854 0.03827547
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1971 55.819499 24.49460411 837240.982 1885604.125 0.707656682 0.020045376 0.034414249 -0.010677057 0.010622144 0.030722433 0.045091307
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1972 55.964697 24.46004295 867602.4466 1944835.25 0.722993612 0.03626371 0.03141228 -0.00141097 0.021672841 0.037674681 0.03282325
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1973 56.081455 25.01865387 931054.7612 2009797.375 0.752794802 0.073135242 0.033402379 0.022837692 0.041219161 0.05029755 0.010564688
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1974 56.17069 25.12415504 915415.854 2067523.75 0.727802634 -0.016796979 0.028722485 0.004216901 -0.033199177 -0.021013879 0.024505584
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1975 56.23425 25.06357956 909219.6769 2120486.75 0.714609027 -0.006768702 0.025616634 -0.002411046 -0.018128002 -0.004357656 0.02802768
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1976 56.273041 24.8746357 934720.1608 2172239 0.730155408 0.02804656 0.024405835 -0.007538583 0.021755087 0.035585142 0.031944418
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1977 56.290629 24.91440773 956810.8793 2222136.5 0.738879383 0.02363351 0.022970539 0.001598899 0.011948106 0.022034611 0.02137164
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1978 56.295032 25.07101822 989374.7299 2276229.5 0.752691805 0.034033738 0.024342789 0.006285941 0.018693745 0.027747797 0.018056848
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1979 56.296406 25.42489433 1016550.6 2329282 0.758411229 0.027467722 0.023307184 0.014114948 0.007598626 0.013352775 0.009192236
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1980 56.303011 25.32205772 994398.923 2371269.5 0.737356722 -0.021791023 0.018025941 -0.004044721 -0.027761333 -0.017746302 0.022070662
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1981 56.317534 24.31690598 981238.4698 2398061 0.741714597 -0.013234581 0.011298378 -0.03969471 0.00591013 0.026460129 0.050993089
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1982 56.341308 23.90867996 1001776.466 2430251.5 0.75982523 0.020930688 0.013423553 -0.016787745 0.024417253 0.037718433 0.030211298
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1983 56.379327 23.62461662 1038084.316 2467867.5 0.786969721 0.036243464 0.015478233 -0.01188118 0.035724652 0.048124645 0.027359414
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1984 56.436762 24.00816536 1065810.769 2517522.75 0.791942596 0.026709249 0.020120712 0.016235131 0.006319017 0.010474119 0.003885581
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1985 56.516908 24.34548759 1104173.364 2569936.5 0.80505985 0.035993814 0.020819574 0.014050313 0.01656339 0.021943501 0.006769261
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1986 56.622956 24.47010612 1148476.441 2623538 0.826553941 0.040123298 0.02085713 0.005118753 0.026698749 0.035004546 0.015738377
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1987 56.753658 24.83126259 1200870.865 2685488.5 0.847681999 0.045620808 0.023613342 0.014759089 0.025561621 0.03086172 0.008854253
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1988 56.902081 25.74249649 1261299.909 2768860.5 0.859206796 0.050321018 0.031045376 0.036697043 0.01359566 0.013623975 -0.005651667
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1989 57.058173 26.5650177 1290075.794 2860531.25 0.849954307 0.022814467 0.033107753 0.031951882 -0.01076864 -0.009137415 0.001155871
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1990 57.214474 26.80436897 1300128.918 2940812 0.842065454 0.007792661 0.028064979 0.009010017 -0.009281503 -0.001217356 0.019054962
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1991 57.369629 26.02290344 1282025.417 3000211.25 0.838853776 -0.01392439 0.020198248 -0.029154409 -0.003814047 0.015230019 0.049352657
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1992 57.525459 25.44317055 1283905.256 3064526.25 0.844482303 0.001466304 0.021436824 -0.022277794 0.006709782 0.023744099 0.043714618
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1993 57.681639 25.22972298 1312436.904 3123093.75 0.8601228 0.022222549 0.019111437 -0.008389189 0.018520811 0.030611739 0.027500626
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1994 57.838596 25.43278503 1368611.492 3188536 0.883454561 0.042801743 0.020954302 0.008048525 0.027126082 0.034753218 0.012905777
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1995 57.99721 25.73519516 1410254.746 3260267.25 0.893903136 0.030427374 0.02249661 0.011890563 0.011826952 0.018536811 0.010606047
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1996 58.156871 25.97753143 1450859.597 3339044.75 0.903566778 0.028792565 0.024162896 0.009416531 0.010810614 0.019376033 0.014746365
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1997 58.318771 26.44896698 1498841.991 3430258 0.911207199 0.033071701 0.027317169 0.018147819 0.008455846 0.014923881 0.00916935
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1998 58.488026 26.71168137 1551521.229 3548338.25 0.922968149 0.035146625 0.03442314 0.009932879 0.012906999 0.025213747 0.024490261
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 1999 58.671413 27.06269646 1600653.705 3666179.25 0.930461407 0.031667292 0.033210194 0.013140883 0.008118652 0.018526409 0.02006931
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 2000 58.874117 27.36509705 1668448.807 3777986.5 0.949950099 0.042354634 0.03049694 0.011174075 0.020945191 0.031180559 0.019322866
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 2001 59.097129 27.58613396 1716589.804 3883004 0.959915638 0.028853746 0.027797214 0.00807733 0.010490592 0.020776416 0.019719885
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 2002 59.339971 27.80321121 1758353.035 3993958.75 0.965562463 0.024329185 0.028574462 0.007869071 0.005882626 0.016460114 0.020705391
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 2003 59.604347 28.08648872 1825432.379 4103063.5 0.983210683 0.038148962 0.027317445 0.010188662 0.018277658 0.027960301 0.017128784
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 2004 59.891788 28.37744904 1878518.235 4221600 0.991674602 0.02908125 0.028889755 0.010359441 0.008608449 0.018721809 0.018530315
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 2005 60.202727 28.642519 1930633.5 4338345.5 1 0.027742752 0.027654325 0.009340866 0.008395292 0.018401885 0.018313459
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 2006 60.538143 28.88670158 1980838.22 4465526.5 1.006788492 0.026004273 0.029315554 0.008525178 0.006788492 0.017479094 0.020790375
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 2007 60.896101 29.06646156 2052795.581 4613093 1.023941159 0.036326723 0.033045711 0.006222932 0.017037011 0.030103791 0.026822779
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 2008 61.270318 29.26823616 2032927.028 4738897.5 0.996756434 -0.009678778 0.027271182 0.006941836 -0.026549108 -0.016620614 0.020329347
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 2009 61.652315 28.80002594 1952129.915 4804990 0.959243178 -0.039744226 0.013946809 -0.015997213 -0.037635329 -0.023747013 0.029944023
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 2010 62.03557 28.87932968 1987254.978 4879003.5 0.966518641 0.017993199 0.015403466 0.0027536 0.007584586 0.015239599 0.012649866
GBR United Kingdom Pound Sterling 2011 62.417431 29.04230118 2002324.888 4947837.5 0.965406716 0.00758328 0.014108209 0.005643188 -0.001150443 0.001940091 0.00846502

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CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1953 569.6247668 215.164978 170302.9637 480307.25 0.421415746 0.07173892 0.045039591 0.025037471 0.032077662 0.046701449 0.02000212
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1954 579.8956082 220.4425049 176694.5183 505514.875 0.419812471 0.037530496 0.052482291 0.024527815 -0.003804498 0.013002681 0.027954476
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1955 591.6010829 224.7875061 183709.5806 528828.5 0.421328574 0.03970164 0.046118574 0.01971036 0.003611383 0.01999128 0.026408213
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1956 603.698021 230.4799957 207820.6733 557870.4375 0.455680817 0.131245701 0.054917497 0.02532387 0.081533143 0.105921831 0.029593627
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1957 617.4255892 237.3574982 218044.1538 590538.4375 0.455279112 0.049193761 0.0585584 0.02983991 -0.00088155 0.019353851 0.028718489
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1958 630.577783 254.5924988 249228.291 649206.375 0.476416975 0.143017534 0.099346518 0.072611991 0.046428362 0.070405543 0.026734527
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1959 638.0334781 266.2650146 262212.2031 737038.8125 0.458521932 0.052096462 0.135292013 0.045847839 -0.037561724 0.006248623 0.089444174
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1960 634.4365428 262.821167 256676.6133 812778.25 0.429403901 -0.021111107 0.102761803 -0.01293391 -0.063504119 -0.008177197 0.115695713
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1961 628.5953346 260.2387695 208205.2186 833204.125 0.344058067 -0.188842272 0.025130932 -0.009825683 -0.198754213 -0.179016589 0.034956615
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1962 637.0122667 260.764679 207446.1659 837534.125 0.339430422 -0.003645695 0.005196806 0.002020873 -0.013450186 -0.005666567 0.003175933
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1963 657.4365752 266.4395142 224675.2651 856600.875 0.357324451 0.083053351 0.022765341 0.021762285 0.052717813 0.061291066 0.001003056
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1964 678.7088239 276.0495605 253669.7461 890271.6875 0.386347592 0.129050615 0.039307469 0.036068398 0.081223495 0.092982217 0.003239071
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1965 697.7045817 286.742157 284963.7283 941408.875 0.411798447 0.123365055 0.05743998 0.038734336 0.065875538 0.084630719 0.018705644
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1966 717.5543075 297.4521179 307171.8623 1008326.75 0.417731851 0.077933196 0.07108269 0.037350493 0.014408515 0.040582703 0.033732197
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1967 736.4865017 308.3287964 297008.3672 1049778.25 0.385190517 -0.033087324 0.041109194 0.036566149 -0.077900056 -0.069653473 0.004543045
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1968 756.7997054 319.0402527 288997.5905 1090299.75 0.358166963 -0.026971552 0.038600057 0.034740369 -0.070156332 -0.061711922 0.003859687
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1969 778.7267134 331.2617188 317702.5124 1139711.125 0.374463588 0.099325817 0.045319074 0.038306972 0.045500079 0.061018845 0.007012102
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1970 799.946841 344.0183105 354961.2279 1228925.25 0.392290115 0.117275483 0.07827784 0.038509103 0.047605503 0.078766379 0.039768736
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1971 821.436505 358.5814209 379808.5139 1326605.5 0.393270403 0.07 0.079484289 0.04233237 0.002498885 0.02766763 0.037151919
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1972 842.515035 370.7607117 394241.2374 1423700.875 0.385170639 0.038 0.073190843 0.033965203 -0.020595917 0.004034797 0.03922564
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1973 862.740261 381.2418823 425386.2952 1526703.125 0.393463999 0.079 0.072348238 0.028269367 0.021531653 0.050730633 0.044078871
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1974 881.626929 394.4494324 435170.18 1644350.25 0.379036367 0.023 0.077059595 0.034643492 -0.036668239 -0.011643492 0.042416103
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1975 898.891252 407.9577332 473029.9856 1784832.875 0.386702091 0.087 0.085433517 0.034245963 0.020224243 0.052754037 0.051187554
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1976 914.236509 420.9138489 465461.5058 1916235.375 0.358868152 -0.016 0.073621739 0.031758476 -0.07197773 -0.047758476 0.041863263
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1977 927.91348 432.5819397 500836.5803 2050946 0.365698367 0.076 0.070299623 0.027720853 0.01903266 0.048279147 0.042578771
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1978 940.448391 445.5043335 559434.4602 2214486.75 0.384880751 0.117 0.079739179 0.029872708 0.052454114 0.087127292 0.049866471
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1979 952.699898 460.541748 601799.6142 2379884.25 0.390130162 0.075728538 0.074688864 0.033753689 0.013639058 0.04197485 0.040935176
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1980 965.365571 479.1169128 648989.3819 2567668 0.394365519 0.07841442 0.078904573 0.040333292 0.010856267 0.038081128 0.038571281
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1981 978.473607 500.9002686 683016.606 2746534.5 0.390735567 0.052431095 0.06966107 0.045465637 -0.009204539 0.006965458 0.024195433
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1982 992.059043 519.1486206 744876.5366 2944289 0.402676046 0.090568707 0.072001462 0.036431109 0.030558977 0.054137598 0.035570354
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1983 1006.299937 533.1973877 825717.8331 3173771 0.422853708 0.108529793 0.077941398 0.027061166 0.050108921 0.081468627 0.050880232
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1984 1021.328764 546.7158813 951028.9465 3371147.25 0.464872032 0.151760212 0.062189821 0.025353638 0.099368466 0.126406574 0.036836183
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1985 1037.265394 560.2423096 1079096.336 3620457.75 0.501133502 0.134661926 0.073954201 0.024741239 0.07800312 0.109920687 0.049212962
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1986 1054.282959 572.0870972 1174557.263 3889547.25 0.519847512 0.088463767 0.074324718 0.021142258 0.037343364 0.067321508 0.053182459
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1987 1072.179957 582.4244385 1310609.328 4204573 0.552179456 0.115832638 0.08099291 0.018069524 0.062195053 0.097763114 0.062923386
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1988 1090.384809 598.1484985 1458453.71 4547244.5 0.582023084 0.112805837 0.081499715 0.026997597 0.054046973 0.08580824 0.054502118
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1989 1108.140977 619.0762329 1517713.648 4811919 0.576935172 0.040632032 0.058205469 0.034987523 -0.00874177 0.005644509 0.023217946
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1990 1124.793924 637.0748291 1575979.054 5078742 0.573126972 0.038390249 0.055450435 0.029073312 -0.006600742 0.009316938 0.026377123
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1991 1140.193683 651.2000122 1720637.173 5397890.5 0.596255004 0.091789367 0.062840069 0.022171937 0.040354117 0.06961743 0.040668132
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1992 1154.42769 658.2150269 1965668.061 5827374 0.648458123 0.142407064 0.079565063 0.010772442 0.087551666 0.131634621 0.068792621
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1993 1167.692111 664.7999878 2240160.134 6440734 0.69635129 0.139643147 0.105254957 0.01000427 0.073856992 0.129638876 0.095250687
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1994 1180.344696 671.3150024 2533188.354 7152798 0.740457177 0.130806818 0.110556343 0.009799962 0.063338559 0.121006856 0.100756381
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1995 1192.629179 677.5999756 2809938.683 7940393.5 0.772670805 0.109249803 0.110110128 0.009362182 0.043505052 0.099887621 0.100747946
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1996 1204.60899 685.0750122 3091172.055 8809891 0.799827278 0.100085234 0.109503074 0.011031636 0.035146238 0.089053598 0.098471438
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1997 1216.107046 693.8499756 3378559.364 9744757 0.822780788 0.092970338 0.106115501 0.012808763 0.028698084 0.080161575 0.093306738
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1998 1227.091561 702.2849731 3643213.638 10791260 0.834463239 0.078333469 0.10739139 0.012156803 0.01419874 0.066176665 0.095234587
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 1999 1237.384579 710.1550293 3920820.532 11903955 0.845933974 0.076198357 0.103110758 0.011206357 0.013746244 0.064992 0.091904401
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 2000 1246.840065 717.3950195 4251395.868 13129023 0.863763928 0.084312795 0.102912687 0.010194943 0.021077241 0.074117851 0.092717744
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 2001 1255.498059 725.5499878 4604275.227 14461809 0.881985724 0.083003176 0.101514484 0.011367473 0.021095805 0.071635703 0.090147012
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 2002 1263.413013 733.8250122 5023263.821 15979806 0.905079186 0.090999902 0.104965914 0.011405175 0.026183487 0.079594727 0.093560739
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 2003 1270.792104 740.8599243 5525590.883 17784478 0.932881534 0.100000135 0.112934538 0.009586634 0.030718139 0.090413501 0.103347903
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 2004 1277.863012 748.1599731 6083675.724 19806006 0.961090147 0.101000029 0.11366811 0.009853481 0.030238152 0.091146549 0.103814629
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 2005 1284.823106 755.125 6771131 22065822 1 0.112999987 0.114097512 0.009309542 0.040485123 0.103690444 0.104787969
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 2006 1291.704875 761.125 7631064.424 24624988 1.051751018 0.126999969 0.115978729 0.007945704 0.051751018 0.119054264 0.108033025
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 2007 1298.523575 766.9500122 8714675.578 27566140 1.117471337 0.142000001 0.119437703 0.007653161 0.062486576 0.13434684 0.111784542
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 2008 1305.238493 772.3499756 9551284.197 30808232 1.140072823 0.095999973 0.117611388 0.007040828 0.020225561 0.088959145 0.11057056
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 2009 1311.789048 777.375 10430003.33 34994784 1.148361087 0.092000103 0.135890693 0.00650615 0.007269943 0.085493953 0.129384544
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 2010 1318.170152 781.37677 11504292.84 39661528 1.17186451 0.102999921 0.133355417 0.005147799 0.020466927 0.097852122 0.128207618
CHN China Yuan Renminbi 2011 1324.353324 784.4269409 12562687.78 44642460 1.192708254 0.092 0.125585983 0.003903585 0.017786821 0.088096415 0.121682398

QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1950
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1951
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1952
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1953
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1954
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1955
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1956
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1957
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1958
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1959
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1960
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1961
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1962
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1963
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1964
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1965
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1966
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1967
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1968
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1969
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1970 0.108401 0.04461696 14201.03576 38729.19141 1.100733757
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1971 0.11821 0.049784929 15622.25435 41068.07031 1.124464393 0.100078517 0.060390595 0.115829688 0.021558924 -0.015751172 -0.055439094
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1972 0.129227 0.055774793 17353.10475 43759.70313 1.154722691 0.110793895 0.065540767 0.120314815 0.026909076 -0.00952092 -0.054774048
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1973 0.140846 0.062041055 19224.61892 46647.98438 1.185008526 0.107848952 0.066003219 0.112349361 0.0262278 -0.004500409 -0.046346143
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1974 0.15221 0.067679591 20366.22541 49928.23047 1.164759517 0.059382529 0.070319139 0.090883948 -0.017087648 -0.031501419 -0.020564809
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1975 0.162835 0.072190948 21563.58277 53382.41797 1.15133357 0.058791324 0.069183055 0.066657559 -0.011526797 -0.007866234 0.002525496
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1976 0.172151 0.076066397 23363.90735 56244.97656 1.181173563 0.083489121 0.053623622 0.053683314 0.025917765 0.029805808 -5.96919E-05
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1977 0.180656 0.078781523 21657.07271 60069.90625 1.030333757 -0.073054332 0.068004823 0.035694154 -0.127703337 -0.108748486 0.032310669
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1978 0.190192 0.081801422 23576.6184 63364.33594 1.064869523 0.088633663 0.054843263 0.038332581 0.033519008 0.050301082 0.016510682
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1979 0.203285 0.087202065 24809.14171 65598.70313 1.072265267 0.052277357 0.035262221 0.06602138 0.006945212 -0.013744023 -0.030759159
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1980 0.221594 0.096309304 24556.97619 67077.90625 1.0165447 -0.010164218 0.022549274 0.104438348 -0.051965283 -0.114602565 -0.081889074
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1981 0.24574 0.117538512 24778.22769 68975.27344 0.95540446 0.009009721 0.028286023 0.220427379 -0.060145156 -0.211417658 -0.192141356
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1982 0.27472 0.148591727 23074.84988 71963.375 0.812749088 -0.068744941 0.043321344 0.26419609 -0.149314116 -0.332941032 -0.220874746
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1983 0.306542 0.172177717 22653.6957 72494.8125 0.764379621 -0.018251654 0.007384833 0.15873017 -0.059513407 -0.176981824 -0.151345337
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1984 0.338365 0.193665802 23708.84542 72827.57031 0.7734797 0.046577377 0.004590091 0.124801779 0.011905183 -0.078224402 -0.120211688
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1985 0.368006 0.215015486 23206.17753 73365.59375 0.732743263 -0.021201703 0.007387634 0.110239821 -0.052666459 -0.131441524 -0.102852187
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1986 0.395144 0.230175555 24444.40963 73076.22656 0.760178864 0.053357866 -0.003944181 0.07050687 0.03744231 -0.017149004 -0.074451051
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1987 0.420058 0.25497967 24455.40751 72709.32813 0.743512809 0.000449914 -0.005020763 0.107761727 -0.02192386 -0.107311813 -0.11278249
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1988 0.441932 0.27088657 25899.3647 72927.86719 0.772841394 0.059044495 0.003005654 0.062384974 0.039445971 -0.003340479 -0.059379321
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1989 0.459949 0.281333447 27510.87785 73491.84375 0.807246923 0.062222111 0.007733348 0.038565501 0.044518228 0.02365661 -0.030832153
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1990 0.473722 0.290639669 28450.22634 74680.71875 0.816746354 0.034144621 0.016176965 0.033078976 0.011767689 0.001065645 -0.01690201
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1991 0.482926 0.293737233 27977.31743 75741.55469 0.790490687 -0.016622325 0.014204951 0.010657747 -0.03214666 -0.027280072 0.003547204
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1992 0.488204 0.291385263 31147.29512 77088.51563 0.867724478 0.113305277 0.017783645 -0.008007053 0.097703607 0.121312329 0.025790698
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1993 0.49142 0.28812775 30734.55109 77476.02344 0.853013098 -0.01325136 0.00502679 -0.011179402 -0.016953976 -0.002071958 0.016206193
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1994 0.495126 0.284125715 31170.58475 78784.35156 0.85478276 0.014187084 0.016886878 -0.013889793 0.002074601 0.028076877 0.03077667
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1995 0.501371 0.281971127 31918.44072 82794.14063 0.842196405 0.023992362 0.050895755 -0.007583223 -0.014724625 0.031575585 0.058478978
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1996 0.512422 0.283745229 33314.52477 87847.78906 0.837177753 0.043739106 0.061038721 0.006291788 -0.005959004 0.037447318 0.054746933
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1997 0.528787 0.28435564 43312.89319 95154.51563 1.021479249 0.300120398 0.083174849 0.002151265 0.220146193 0.297969133 0.081023584
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1998 0.548828 0.287033319 48172.01615 99996.4375 1.089104176 0.112186524 0.050884836 0.009416655 0.066202937 0.102769869 0.04146818
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 1999 0.56987 0.292302489 50235.73632 101691.1094 1.113943696 0.042840644 0.016947322 0.018357345 0.022807295 0.024483298 -0.001410023
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 2000 0.590957 0.298227817 54268.72427 107072.1406 1.148972988 0.080281255 0.052915454 0.020271218 0.031446196 0.060010037 0.032644236
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 2001 0.608057 0.302079976 56384.19918 117038.2109 1.108994484 0.038981475 0.09307809 0.012916833 -0.03479499 0.026064642 0.080161257
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 2002 0.624173 0.305453241 60434.00742 126304.4375 1.115412354 0.071825233 0.079172661 0.011166795 0.005787108 0.060658438 0.068005865
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 2003 0.6535 0.327131808 62682.10384 146374.2344 1.013305783 0.037199195 0.158900172 0.070971802 -0.091541546 -0.033772607 0.08792837
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 2004 0.715146 0.362019956 74728.9097 165651.625 1.069708347 0.19218892 0.131699344 0.106648597 0.055661938 0.085540323 0.025050747
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 2005 0.820986 0.429182529 80327.40745 188579.6563 1 0.074917429 0.138411146 0.185521743 -0.065165751 -0.110604315 -0.047110597
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 2006 0.978336 0.56002748 101350.0325 234586.7813 1.004934192 0.261711734 0.243966533 0.30487017 0.004934192 -0.043158436 -0.060903637
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 2007 1.178192 0.749348998 119578.9308 297307.5625 0.925890326 0.179860804 0.267367074 0.33805755 -0.078655763 -0.158196746 -0.070690476
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 2008 1.39606 0.970145643 140700.203 367258.0313 0.87394762 0.176630381 0.235279817 0.294651284 -0.05610028 -0.118020903 -0.059371468
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 2009 1.597765 1.172319412 157523.1881 433724.6563 0.824456632 0.119566175 0.180980726 0.208395277 -0.056629239 -0.088829101 -0.027414551
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 2010 1.758793 1.30638659 183875.3831 495657.25 0.845113635 0.167290894 0.142792421 0.114360623 0.025055294 0.052930272 0.028431799
QAT Qatar Qatari Rial 2011 1.870041 1.394785523 208667.1444 564467.125 0.851713955 0.134829148 0.138825519 0.067666749 0.00780998 0.067162399 0.07115877

ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1950
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1951
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1952
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1953
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1954 3.122369788 10037.2335 8903.895508
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1955 3.218425479 10810.46972 8741.963867 0.077036787 -0.018186606
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1956 3.332398146 12004.89725 8624.56543 0.110488032 -0.013429298
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1957 3.442480211 13055.78381 8519.77832 0.087538155 -0.012149842
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1958 3.553710291 13334.1323 8424.648438 0.021319937 -0.01116577
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1959 3.669635341 14069.34013 8295.354492 0.055137283 -0.015347103
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1960 3.786689524 1.451989651 14566.23695 8178.494141 1.40389514 0.035317706 -0.014087445
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1961 3.908651098 1.49070394 15456.43738 8072.530273 1.464479089 0.06111396 -0.012956403 0.026662924 0.043154184 0.034451036 -0.039619327
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1962 4.038576086 1.530562282 15788.71851 7931.550781 1.472737908 0.021497912 -0.017464102 0.026737932 0.005639425 -0.00524002 -0.044202034
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1963 4.165732998 1.571586132 16056.86614 7787.338867 1.474781156 0.016983495 -0.018182058 0.026803124 0.00138738 -0.009819629 -0.044985182
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1964 4.283593436 1.613804936 16535.20508 7651.197754 1.495021939 0.029790305 -0.017482367 0.026863818 0.013724602 0.002926487 -0.044346185
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1965 4.42332754 1.657256842 17748.11498 7544.780273 1.577743769 0.073353182 -0.013908604 0.026925128 0.055331515 0.046428053 -0.040833733
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1966 4.565336906 1.701979041 17704.00131 7456.224121 1.539851785 -0.002485541 -0.011737406 0.026985678 -0.024016564 -0.029471219 -0.038723084
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1967 4.716147097 1.748016477 17738.32665 7406.565918 1.506985188 0.001938847 -0.006659967 0.027049355 -0.021344 -0.025110508 -0.033709322
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1968 4.882670754 1.795427561 15628.61235 7398.518555 1.294501305 -0.118935362 -0.001086517 0.02712279 -0.140999317 -0.146058152 -0.028209308
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1969 5.053537234 1.844273686 20931.60488 7371.053223 1.691665173 0.339313076 -0.003712275 0.027205846 0.306808395 0.31210723 -0.03091812
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1970 5.206229 1.894621491 25630.21393 7382.443359 2.017583132 0.224474381 0.001545252 0.02729953 0.192661033 0.197174851 -0.025754278
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1971 5.385233 1.960463643 27880.19455 7431.894043 2.129210949 0.08778626 0.006698417 0.03475214 0.055327493 0.053034119 -0.028053723
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1972 5.573154 2.02999115 30237.78292 7501.708496 2.237594843 0.084561403 0.009393898 0.035464828 0.050903314 0.049096575 -0.026070931
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1973 5.76819 2.116617441 31147.5577 7629.195313 2.218200207 0.030087351 0.016994371 0.042673236 -0.008667626 -0.012585885 -0.025678865
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1974 5.967705 2.194560051 31930.15965 7810.148438 2.192186832 0.025125628 0.023718507 0.036824137 -0.011727244 -0.011698509 -0.013105629
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1975 6.17026 2.273191214 32223.63538 7962.046387 2.136529684 0.009191177 0.019448792 0.035830035 -0.025388871 -0.026638858 -0.016381243
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1976 6.374197 2.351676464 31969.28974 8030.191895 2.047708273 -0.007893139 0.008558793 0.034526462 -0.041572748 -0.042419601 -0.025967669
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1977 6.581329 2.438281298 29973.65477 8021.776367 1.855343223 -0.062423501 -0.001047986 0.036826849 -0.093941629 -0.099250349 -0.037874835
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1978 6.797807 2.541391611 29328.00816 7963.667969 1.750329614 -0.02154047 -0.007243832 0.042288112 -0.056600637 -0.063828582 -0.049531944
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1979 7.032001 2.660090446 30443.21594 7908.841309 1.749123096 0.03802535 -0.006884599 0.046706236 -0.000689309 -0.008680885 -0.053590835
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1980 7.289463 2.73220706 33661.66646 7893.749023 1.884120464 0.105719794 -0.00190828 0.027110587 0.077180027 0.078609207 -0.029018867
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1981 7.571447 2.869263649 37877.93449 7960.846191 2.01588273 0.125254287 0.008500038 0.050163324 0.069933037 0.075090962 -0.041663286
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1982 7.874642 3.024460554 38875.75197 8050.962891 1.965925574 0.026342975 0.01131999 0.054089454 -0.024781777 -0.027746479 -0.042769464
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1983 8.194203 3.163274288 39492.05101 8127.398926 1.911906123 0.015853045 0.009494024 0.045897022 -0.027477872 -0.030043978 -0.036402998
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1984 8.52309 3.299983978 38738.79663 8139.685059 1.803363204 -0.019073569 0.001511693 0.043217779 -0.056772097 -0.062291349 -0.041706086
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1985 8.855279 3.458521843 41428.99084 8104.545898 1.851666689 0.069444444 -0.004317017 0.04804201 0.026785223 0.021402434 -0.052359028
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1986 9.189169 3.60945487 42310.92016 8088.074219 1.814798236 0.021287734 -0.0020324 0.043640906 -0.019910955 -0.022353173 -0.045673306
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1987 9.523376 3.754580736 42780.80052 8088.404297 1.766776681 0.011105416 4.08105E-05 0.040207142 -0.026461099 -0.029101727 -0.040166332
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1988 9.852244 3.923174858 46012.13169 8119.613281 1.823879957 0.075532274 0.003858485 0.044903581 0.032320597 0.030628693 -0.041045097
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1989 10.169188 4.094295502 48412.13604 8147.464844 1.846086979 0.052160251 0.003430159 0.043617899 0.012175704 0.008542353 -0.04018774
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1990 10.469202 4.256262302 51792.86507 8268.322266 1.895867467 0.069832263 0.014833746 0.039559138 0.026965408 0.030273125 -0.024725392
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1991 10.748215 4.410335541 54653.11123 8468.182617 1.920150995 0.055224714 0.024171814 0.036199188 0.012808663 0.019025526 -0.012027373
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1992 11.00569 4.541026592 50809.73075 8617.470703 1.724331021 -0.070323178 0.017629295 0.029632904 -0.10198155 -0.099956082 -0.01200361
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1993 11.244552 4.664008141 51882.02186 8788.438477 1.701468706 0.02110405 0.01983967 0.027082323 -0.013258658 -0.005978273 -0.007242653
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1994 11.469872 4.843845367 54891.66587 8966.878906 1.728529811 0.058009382 0.020303997 0.038558515 0.015904556 0.019450867 -0.018254518
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1995 11.684693 5.033360958 54980.82266 9148.03418 1.66200614 0.001624232 0.020202712 0.039125029 -0.038485695 -0.037500797 -0.018922317
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1996 11.89129 5.186819077 60332.6396 9176.773438 1.78447175 0.097339703 0.003141577 0.030488201 0.073685414 0.066851502 -0.027346623
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1997 12.086519 5.339372635 61192.88213 9193.176758 1.772993326 0.014258327 0.001787482 0.029411776 -0.006432393 -0.015153448 -0.027624293
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1998 12.261742 5.402738571 61494.0875 9306.120117 1.753987551 0.004922229 0.012285564 0.011867674 -0.010719598 -0.006945446 0.000417889
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 1999 12.405236 5.430221558 59282.03529 9356.673828 1.675855994 -0.035971787 0.005432308 0.005086862 -0.044545103 -0.041058649 0.000345446
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 2000 12.509477 5.787901402 54439.46724 9623.380859 1.461498022 -0.08168694 0.02850447 0.06586837 -0.127909542 -0.14755531 -0.0373639
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 2001 12.575015 6.123346329 54334.1027 9886.693359 1.389340878 -0.001935444 0.027361746 0.057956227 -0.049372044 -0.059891671 -0.030594481
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 2002 12.607791 6.438237667 51107.11981 10242.43262 1.244378805 -0.059391482 0.035981621 0.051424715 -0.104338737 -0.110816197 -0.015443093
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 2003 12.612956 6.728292942 47293.61892 10491.68457 1.105750561 -0.074617801 0.02433523 0.045051968 -0.111403572 -0.119669769 -0.020716738
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 2004 12.597877 6.990604401 45570.87915 10368.71973 1.042901516 -0.036426474 -0.011720219 0.038986331 -0.056838357 -0.075412805 -0.050706551
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 2005 12.570686 7.038408756 43719.31545 10168.73242 1 -0.040630414 -0.01928756 0.006838372 -0.04113669 -0.047468787 -0.026125932
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 2006 12.529655 7.05878067 42134.96169 9971.424805 0.968315721 -0.036239217 -0.019403364 0.002894392 -0.031684279 -0.039133609 -0.022297756
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 2007 12.481245 7.079792976 40758.23072 9811.881836 0.939613521 -0.032674314 -0.016000017 0.002976761 -0.029641365 -0.035651075 -0.018976779
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 2008 12.451543 7.11956501 38825.69172 9633.036133 0.897459984 -0.047414693 -0.018227462 0.005617683 -0.044862634 -0.053032376 -0.023845145
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 2009 12.473992 7.143100262 45404.56017 9456.057617 1.053759098 0.169446265 -0.018372039 0.003305715 0.174157196 0.16614055 -0.021677754
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 2010 12.571454 7.139131069 49772.56285 9372.067383 1.157317638 0.09620185 -0.008882162 -0.000555668 0.098275346 0.096757518 -0.008326494
ZWE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Dollar 2011 12.754378 7.419908524 54921.6703 9251.773438 1.257150054 0.103452729 -0.012835369 0.03932936 0.086261898 0.064123369 -0.052164729

USA United States US Dollar 1950 155.5472377 62.07744217 1979348.958 6328850.5 0.617147863
USA United States US Dollar 1951 158.2103295 64.56539917 2132525.899 6808344 0.629588425 0.077387537 0.075763126 0.040078278 0.020158155 0.037309259 0.035684848
USA United States US Dollar 1952 160.9428844 65.38006592 2214200.415 7050130 0.638451338 0.038299425 0.035513188 0.012617699 0.014077312 0.025681727 0.022895489
USA United States US Dollar 1953 163.6304925 66.24584961 2316120.743 7307389 0.651858211 0.046030308 0.036489965 0.013242319 0.020999052 0.032787989 0.023247646
USA United States US Dollar 1954 166.5336405 64.94462585 2301504.207 7567169 0.646179438 -0.006310783 0.035550318 -0.019642344 -0.008711669 0.01333156 0.055192661
USA United States US Dollar 1955 169.501144 66.76306915 2467223.626 7874742 0.668772936 0.07200483 0.040645716 0.027999904 0.034964743 0.044004926 0.012645812
USA United States US Dollar 1956 172.5370891 68.26872253 2516011.238 8177633.5 0.660999894 0.019774296 0.038463673 0.022552189 -0.011622841 -0.002777893 0.015911483
USA United States US Dollar 1957 175.6843794 68.5242691 2566576.337 8470444 0.662164807 0.020097327 0.035806264 0.003743245 0.00176235 0.016354081 0.032063018
USA United States US Dollar 1958 178.6447323 67.29255676 2543466.34 8730865 0.654812515 -0.009004212 0.030744669 -0.017974834 -0.011103418 0.008970622 0.048719503
USA United States US Dollar 1959 181.6561609 68.83398438 2725876.353 9042303 0.6806795 0.071717093 0.035670921 0.022906361 0.039502888 0.048810732 0.01276456
USA United States US Dollar 1960 184.5582874 69.98596954 2793428.133 9410647 0.678122818 0.024781675 0.04073564 0.016735704 -0.003756073 0.008045971 0.023999936
USA United States US Dollar 1961 187.6432652 70.03912354 2858510.913 9719826 0.680692255 0.023298534 0.03285417 0.000759495 0.003789044 0.022539039 0.032094675
USA United States US Dollar 1962 190.5515208 71.20337677 3031736.192 10072993 0.700067997 0.060599832 0.036334704 0.016622898 0.02846476 0.043976933 0.019711806
USA United States US Dollar 1963 193.3136996 72.20611572 3164272.137 10465713 0.709036112 0.043716186 0.038987419 0.014082744 0.012810348 0.029633442 0.024904675
USA United States US Dollar 1964 196.0176521 73.80173492 3347373.181 10911239 0.723254561 0.057865138 0.042570057 0.022098117 0.020053209 0.035767021 0.02047194
USA United States US Dollar 1965 198.4835913 75.61608887 3562275.155 11412346 0.740148842 0.064200184 0.045925765 0.024584164 0.023358693 0.03961602 0.021341601
USA United States US Dollar 1966 200.7891525 77.9016571 3794460.139 11935598 0.756173909 0.065178846 0.045849644 0.030225952 0.02165114 0.034952895 0.015623692
USA United States US Dollar 1967 202.9874546 79.70782471 3890356.007 12414244 0.74838835 0.025272599 0.04010239 0.023185227 -0.01029599 0.002087372 0.016917163
USA United States US Dollar 1968 205.0243572 81.34535217 4078691.382 12920394 0.758553863 0.048410833 0.040771714 0.020544124 0.013583205 0.027866709 0.020227589
USA United States US Dollar 1969 207.0377649 83.33040619 4205400.821 13439002 0.754452705 0.031066199 0.040138714 0.024402796 -0.005406547 0.006663403 0.015735918
USA United States US Dollar 1970 209.463865 83.76789856 4213400 13899786 0.739882529 0.00190212 0.03428707 0.005250093 -0.019312246 -0.003347972 0.029036977
USA United States US Dollar 1971 211.355529 83.78632355 4359100 14394300 0.751903415 0.034580149 0.035577094 0.000219953 0.01624702 0.034360196 0.035357142
USA United States US Dollar 1972 213.25035 86.11484528 4599800 14962213 0.764294744 0.05521782 0.03945402 0.027791191 0.016479948 0.027426629 0.011662829
USA United States US Dollar 1973 215.164616 88.90427399 4871700 15587390 0.77685529 0.059111266 0.041783725 0.032391961 0.016434166 0.026719305 0.009391764
USA United States US Dollar 1974 217.113584 90.55566406 4846400 16120947 0.750225246 -0.005193259 0.034230041 0.018574923 -0.034279285 -0.023768182 0.015655118
USA United States US Dollar 1975 219.108358 89.47789001 4836900 16524117 0.743911326 -0.001960218 0.025009077 -0.011901785 -0.008416032 0.009941567 0.036910862
USA United States US Dollar 1976 221.161377 92.36906433 5099000 16979164 0.757152617 0.054187599 0.027538355 0.032311606 0.017799556 0.021875994 -0.004773251
USA United States US Dollar 1977 223.274855 95.61649323 5335500 17527076 0.762340426 0.046381643 0.032269669 0.035157105 0.006851736 0.011224538 -0.002887436
USA United States US Dollar 1978 225.436004 99.5904541 5635700 18172714 0.770507097 0.056264642 0.036836606 0.041561458 0.01071263 0.014703184 -0.004724852
USA United States US Dollar 1979 227.624232 102.2316437 5813100 18841772 0.767799377 0.0314779 0.036816625 0.026520509 -0.003514205 0.00495739 0.010296116
USA United States US Dollar 1980 229.825004 102.5130997 5796400 19392764 0.753005683 -0.002872822 0.029243109 0.00275312 -0.019267656 -0.005625942 0.026489989
USA United States US Dollar 1981 232.035086 103.6459045 5943700 19914240 0.759172499 0.025412325 0.026890236 0.011050343 0.008189601 0.014361982 0.015839893
USA United States US Dollar 1982 234.261242 102.7940598 5826000 20307654 0.742628992 -0.01980248 0.019755411 -0.008218798 -0.0217915 -0.011583682 0.02797421
USA United States US Dollar 1983 236.510688 104.178688 6089100 20761348 0.763053954 0.045159629 0.022341035 0.013469925 0.027503588 0.031689704 0.008871109
USA United States US Dollar 1984 238.794274 108.513298 6527200 21386624 0.78800869 0.071948235 0.030117312 0.041607454 0.032703764 0.030340781 -0.011490142
USA United States US Dollar 1985 241.119752 110.7833176 6795600 22054654 0.800218761 0.041120235 0.031235879 0.020919275 0.015494843 0.02020096 0.010316604
USA United States US Dollar 1986 243.495805 113.3501511 7028500 22698254 0.806208313 0.034272176 0.029182049 0.023169856 0.007484893 0.01110232 0.006012193
USA United States US Dollar 1987 245.920994 116.3565903 7251100 23326776 0.808937132 0.031671054 0.027690324 0.026523469 0.003384758 0.005147585 0.001166855
USA United States US Dollar 1988 248.381577 118.9838104 7548400 23961024 0.821195185 0.041000676 0.027189698 0.02257904 0.015153282 0.018421635 0.004610658
USA United States US Dollar 1989 250.857751 121.4428482 7817500 24600122 0.830495715 0.035649939 0.026672399 0.020666995 0.011325602 0.014982944 0.006005405
USA United States US Dollar 1990 253.339097 122.6887894 7962600 25188296 0.832265794 0.018560921 0.023909394 0.010259486 0.002131353 0.008301435 0.013649908
USA United States US Dollar 1991 255.807342 121.2321396 7941800 25652820 0.828066885 -0.002612212 0.018442057 -0.011872721 -0.005045154 0.009260509 0.030314778
USA United States US Dollar 1992 258.275919 121.4807281 8212200 26160804 0.846157491 0.034047697 0.019802267 0.002050517 0.021846793 0.03199718 0.01775175
USA United States US Dollar 1993 260.803255 122.8345108 8448100 26752074 0.854382873 0.028725555 0.02260137 0.011144012 0.009720863 0.017581543 0.011457358
USA United States US Dollar 1994 263.46898 125.4460526 8795700 27424690 0.866779566 0.041145346 0.025142574 0.021260652 0.014509529 0.019884695 0.003881922
USA United States US Dollar 1995 266.323717 127.2158432 9019900 28155274 0.869562566 0.025489728 0.026639645 0.014107982 0.003210736 0.011381746 0.012531663
USA United States US Dollar 1996 269.393632 129.0855865 9361400 28985402 0.884203851 0.03786073 0.029483925 0.01469741 0.016837529 0.023163321 0.014786516
USA United States US Dollar 1997 272.64334 132.0480499 9783200 29882946 0.900189877 0.045057363 0.03096538 0.022949606 0.01807957 0.022107757 0.008015774
USA United States US Dollar 1998 275.986072 134.1473541 10213800 30879060 0.918917179 0.044014228 0.033333862 0.015898033 0.020803725 0.028116196 0.017435829
USA United States US Dollar 1999 279.30003 136.3844299 10711100 31958800 0.941375077 0.048689029 0.034966738 0.016676257 0.024439523 0.032012771 0.018290481
USA United States US Dollar 2000 282.49631 138.3630524 11158100 33077686 0.959431648 0.041732408 0.035010263 0.014507686 0.01918106 0.027224723 0.020502578
USA United States US Dollar 2001 285.544778 138.5802307 11280100 34042272 0.957825303 0.010933761 0.02916123 0.001569627 -0.001674267 0.009364134 0.027591603
USA United States US Dollar 2002 288.467308 138.3369598 11486300 34851148 0.966916561 0.01827998 0.023760929 -0.001755452 0.009491562 0.020035431 0.02551638
USA United States US Dollar 2003 291.290823 139.6213837 11779500 35675240 0.975909948 0.025526061 0.02364605 0.009284748 0.0093011 0.016241313 0.014361302
USA United States US Dollar 2004 294.06312 141.1611633 12189400 36589712 0.992057681 0.034797742 0.02563324 0.011028251 0.016546335 0.023769491 0.014604989
USA United States US Dollar 2005 296.820296 143.6192017 12564300 37569048 1 0.030756231 0.026765338 0.017412993 0.008005904 0.013343238 0.009352345
USA United States US Dollar 2006 299.56447 146.255249 12898400 38524884 1.004000306 0.026591215 0.025442114 0.018354422 0.004000306 0.008236793 0.007087692
USA United States US Dollar 2007 302.284564 147.8036499 13144400 39387952 1.006595254 0.019072133 0.022402871 0.010586976 0.002584609 0.008485157 0.011815894
USA United States US Dollar 2008 304.989064 147.0605621 13097200 40057600 0.998499274 -0.003590883 0.017001341 -0.005027533 -0.008042934 0.00143665 0.022028874
USA United States US Dollar 2009 307.686729 141.5952606 12690000 40347576 0.986737788 -0.031090615 0.007238976 -0.037163611 -0.011779164 0.006072996 0.044402587
USA United States US Dollar 2010 310.383948 140.8549042 12992000 40615356 1.009463072 0.023798266 0.00663683 -0.005228681 0.023030722 0.029026947 0.011865511
USA United States US Dollar 2011 313.08538 141.8070221 13225900 40926444 1.020391822 0.018003387 0.007659369 0.006759565 0.0108263 0.011243821 0.000899804

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