Migration
The major assignment for this course is a senior thesis. The senior thesis will be a
substantial paper (approximately 35 pages) that will cover a topic of interest to the student, (migration,why do people migrate? illegaly, legal, refugees, what causes people to migrate, chances in other countries, security? better life etc….)
Research Paper Assignment
Students will research and write a paper that provides addresses an issue or a country (or countries)
related to the focus of their international affairs major work. The paper will follow the standard social
science research paper format. The paper will include the following elements: an introduction, a problem
and thesis statement, a literature review, a hypothesis, a discussion of methodology to be employed, a
description and evaluation of your research findings, and a summary of your findings with a conclusion.
The paper will be approximately 35 pages in length.
The paper will be double spaced, printed in 12 point Times New Roman or Arial Font, and have 1”
margins on all sides. Do not add extra hard returns between paragraphs. Your paper will have page
numbers in the upper right hand corner of each page. The page number on the first page of your text will
be one and not two. You will have a title page upon which will appear your name, the title of your paper,
the course and professor’s name, and the date, but no page number. Failure to follow these formatting
instructions will result in points being deducted from your paper.
In addition to the components listed above, you will have a complete references section at the end of the
paper. Each and every source used in your paper will be included in your references. No annotations are
necessary, but complete bibliographic information in APSA format must be included for each item in the
references. Having references assumes that you cite other research in your paper. This is absolutely
essential! Research papers that have few or no citations and/or no references will receive a failing grade.
References and citations allow me to evaluate the validity of your findings and your summary. Without
them, I have no means of evaluating the validity of your arguments and you will be graded down a minimum
of 30 points.
You should use academic (i.e., peer reviewed) sources for the bulk of their sources. You should have AT
LEAST 30 peer reviewed sources for their papers. Papers that lack at least 30 peer reviewed sources will
have points deducted from their scores. Moreover, failure to use the APSA format in citing your sources
will result in a reduction in the grade for the paper. Newspapers such as the New York Times or Los
Angeles Times are acceptable to provide historical information (but students STILL need 30 or more
sources in addition to any newspaper sources). Weekly news magazines such as Time or Newsweek and
2. Introduction
3. Problem and thesis statement
4. Discussion of methodology
5. Literature review
6. Hypothesis
7. Description and evaluation of your research findings
8. Summary of your findings
9. Correct grammar and spelling
10. Proper Paper Formatting
11. Citations in the proper format
12. References
Outline
Migration
1- What is migration?
• Definition of migration
• History of migration
• Difference of a migrate and a refugee (migrants could be a treat, not always a refugee)
2-Why do people leave their countries to move to another one?
• Reasons why people might be forced to risk their lives to leave
• Conditions of natal places
• What better opportunities they might find
• Risks
3-Legal migration and illegal migration
• Pros and cons of migrates
• How does affect migrate population to both countries (country of origin and country where migrated)
• Adaptation (cultural exchange)
• Diversity
• Law
• Economy
What is migration and how does migration affects countries as a whole, economically and socially.
Why do people migrate? Safety or is it for economic opportunity? Two different refugee status and 1 for the immigrant.
“The migratory phenomenon between Mexico and the United States has a long historical tradition based on a variety of factors, including geographical proximity, close cultural ties, and growing economic interdependence, making the generation of migratory flows between countries ample. This displacement is essentially a labor phenomenon driven by the interaction of variables that operate on both sides of the border, including the demand and supply of Mexican workers in the north” (pg.10)
There are many reasons which make people leave their homes and move to other
places. Economic reasons have always been among the main reasons for migration. Life
in poverty and despair often forces people to search a better life. The gap between the
developed countries and the third world countries increases year by year, as a result
people move to industrialized countries in order to have stable earnings, better
employment opportunities and higher standards of living. Natural disasters have forced
thousands of people leave their native country in search for security. Some people change
their place of living in search for political freedom; it can be migration towards political
liberty and political rights or escape from government persecution. It also makes sense to
name ethnic and religious reasons. Ethnic conflicts in some countries and religious
intolerance often force people to look for refuge in other countries. Wars and high rate of
criminality also induce people to change the countries they live in. I analyze the
phenomenon of migration, since it is part of why people are in different regions of the
United States of America, is an eminently historical fact, framed by a series of economic
and social circumstances that make the nationals decide to settle in that country.
Migration has existed during the whole history of humankind. At distant times
tribes roamed in search for new pastures for their livestock, new places for hunting and
fishery. Later people started to migrate in search for more fertile lands and foundation of
new settlements. Today migration still takes place in the world, people are forced to
change their places of living due to different natural and man-made calamities. So
migration is the process which takes place when an individual or a group live one country
for another with the intention to settle permanently down in that country.One of the most
obvious reasons that lead people to leave their home land are: Political Causes.
Migration due to political crises present in certain countries. In these cases people flee
revenge or persecution leaving their residence and even losing their lives in trying when
dealing with totalitarian regimes.
When people emigrate for political persecution in their own country they talk
about political exiles. Socioeconomic causes, there is a direct relationship between
socioeconomic development and immigration, and therefore, between underdevelopment
and emigration. The majority of those who migrate do so for economic reasons, seeking a
better standard of living, better working conditions and remuneration, or in more critical
cases, access to employment. The situation of hunger and misery in many
underdeveloped countries forces many migrants to risk their lives or even lose them on
many occasions, so as to leave their situation. Cultural causes, the cultural basis of a
given population is a very important factor in deciding to which country or place to
emigrate. Culture (religion, language, traditions, customs, etc.) plays a decisive role in the
decision, for example educational possibilities are very important when deciding the
migrations from one place to another, In the rural exodus, this factor is often decisive,
since those who migrate from rural to urban are usually young adults who are likely to
have children in the future. Family causes, family ties are also an important factor in the
decision to emigrate, especially in the most recent times, in which any emigrant from an
underdeveloped country needs a lot of help to settle in another country of greater
economic development. War causes and other international conflicts, they constitute
a true source of forced migrations that have given origin to massive displacements of the
population, fleeing the extermination or the persecution of the country or the victorious
army. As well as subsequent wars in Africa: Uganda, Somalia, Sudan, etc… and in other
parts of the world have led to forced migrations.
Generalized catastrophes and its the effects of major earthquakes, floods,
prolonged droughts, cyclones, tsunamis, epidemics and other natural or social
catastrophes (or a combination of both, which is much more frequent) have resulted in
large displacements Aggravating in recent times by population growth and occupation of
areas at greater risk of natural disasters.Refugees leave their homes and their
country because they have no other choice. They are forced out by factors such as war,
persecution, natural disasters, environmental crisis and poverty. They may
also leave because their government will not or cannot protect them from serious human
rights abuses or meet theirneeds.Throughout history, wars, conflicts between countries,
slavery, inhuman treatment and injustice, have resulted in the union of nations and
therefore the commitment to avoid all kinds of insults against humanity, confusing The
organization best known to this day as the United Nations. At the end of the Second
World War, states committed themselves to avoiding all kinds of conflicts between
countries, followed by globalization and the flow of capital, at the same time producing
other consequences, such as the migration of people .
One of the effects of globalization was that it generated more easy paths that
allowed the population to migrate and, above all, to migrate due to economic and social
inequalities. To immigrate and to emigrate has the same purpose, and is to move from
one side to another with the purpose of establishing itself to fulfill the main objective of
the human being that is to subsist.Migration encompasses like economic, social, legal
and ethical consequences. The most known case today as an example of this nowadays
known uncontrollable immigration is the migration between Mexico and the United
States, which is wellknown for the great technology and methods so advanced to control
the flow of people who cross day by day the Southern border of the United States.
Meanwhile in Europe there is a case where the concentration is on the border of Spain
with Morocco, and the coast of Turkey and Greece, which is currently living an exodus
of refugees from the Middle East. Border controls are becoming increasingly important
within the policies of the developing countries, so the budget for border control covers
new and more advanced technologies paid with exorbitant amounts, only in 2013, the
government of the States United States of America invested the amount of seventeen
billion dollars in Immigration and border protection services.
Altough emigration is a human right, while immigration is not, that is to say
that if someone wanted to leave his house, he should not detain him by force, however if
someone expresses his desire to stay in it, the members of the household should decide If
allowed to do so. From past times, there have been certain ethical customs or norms that
influence and determine this norm. Among others, innocent fugitives, or refugees seeking
asylum by mortal enemies, with an immediate need for shelter, should be allowed to be
refugees, in this situation, other than for their own fault, could be for a period of time not
greater than the time established by law. If the members of a household live discontent
with sharing their territory with foreigners, the decision whether or not foreigners are
admitted at home and for how long it will always be difficult, especially if they do not do
household chores that help sustain the house.This decision should not only be taken
based on norms but on the moral quality of the person. A country has the same problems
as a home, deciding who should stay and for how long, and under what conditions is also
a question of ethics in the same way that happens in a home, especially when a person is
being offered a roof To which you yourself have left him without shelter. The domestic
rules according to the bible imply that Abraham did his best to make the stay of his
visitors as comfortable as possible. Housekeeping is the management of the tasks
involved in running a household, such as cooking, putting and serving the table, cleaning,
ordering, daily shopping1 or other purchases, paying bills, performing maintenance
Domestic equipment or the care of children and dependents. It is also used to refer to
money allocated for such uses in the household.
The domestic norms of modern states or the newly constructed European house
do not have to differ much from domestic norms in general. Domestic standards are there
to establish the minimum conditions for living together. Living under the same roof with
other people is bound to certain obligations; But these do not have to include anything
more than the strictly necessary condition for people to live under a roof. Those who
reside for a shorter period do not have to comply with all the rules; However, those who
stay longer or do it definitely should.
Guests or immigrants must respect the laws of the state, even if they came from states
with different laws. Respecting the laws does not imply the obligation to love them, only
the obligation not to infringe them. Since the laws were there before they arrived, those
who enter a house are entering into a legal system at the same time. Immigrants do not
simply come to a state, but come to a society. They must also comply with the unwritten
laws that provide the minimum conditions for human relations in the given society: this is
the case with rules of hygiene or civility. The willingness to learn the primary language
of communication is also part of these unwritten laws. Immigrants have to
contribute to the well being of the home. Expressed clearly, they have to work according
to their capabilities and the household guidelines. These three rules are not rules of
culture, they are the rules of civilization. For example, learning the language of society.
The fact that a group of people comply with laws and regulations different
from the laws of the State has nothing to do with domestic norms. Ethical, as is the
obligation of the immigrant to comply with domestic regulations. The host is always in a
position of power: he is the one who grants or refuses to grant shelter, he is the one who
sets the domestic standards and is familiar with its ramifications. Therefore, their ethical
obligations are immense. It was because of a sense of increased responsibility that some
European or American intellectuals felt less and less comfortable with their own domestic
rules, tending to abolish all these rules. But such a movement, even though it is motivated
by consciousness, is not correct. Not only the intellectuals, but the whole community is
the host. Abolishing the norms of the common civilization can create a dangerous
situation that could provoke an increase of ethnic or cultural hostilities and conflicts. The
truly responsible attitude consists in correctly distinguishing between the minimum of
civilization .
“People educated in a particular culture are naive universalists. Ethnocentrism
may be supported by the belief that our culture, poetry, religion or food is naturally the
best, and all people who practice other customs or beliefs are simply not yet rational
enough to appreciate the truth”. The good host does not belong to such rationalists.
Rather he believes with Leibniz in the possible harmony of all sorts of immeasurable
differences that the average citizens do not, still strange customs, impose different rules
from the common ones. Respect for difference is the first obligation of a good host. It
is this simply a pragmatic obligation, but also ethical, as is the obligation of the
immigrant to comply with domestic regulations. The host is always in a position of
power: he is the one who grants or refuses to grant shelter, he is the one who sets the
domestic standards and is familiar with its ramifications. Insisting on the acceptance of
domestic rules means asking mmigrant groups to give up some abstract features of their
difference, but in a way it also means that their concrete differences are not affected. It
would be to deceive oneself hypocritically to believe that this happens without suffering
or pain. It is the duty of the host to alleviate this suffering and to compensate for the pain:
the greatest compensation is an increased level of respect. The contents of the obligations
of the host and the foreigner are of a different character, but the obligations are
reciprocal, and have to be as symmetrical in that reciprocity as is humanly possible.
Migration as an old problem in the relationship between Mexico and the United
States is one of the most important global phenomena today. In different regions of the
world and in the evolution of history they have been given in a constant way. Nowadays,
the displacement of people who cross international borders is greater, dislocating every
time to countries more distant than the country of origin. In all the geographic regions of
the world they are linked to the search for better living conditions. The search for better
working conditions and a higher payment that they receive in their place of origin.
Europe comes to migrants from Africa and South America, mainly Peruvians. In the case
of Mexico, it is visible that the pattern of displacement is always directed towards the
country of the north. In the course of history we see that the great migrations at world
level are mainly due to factors of improvement of the standard of living. By civil wars in
some countries, for disagreeing with totalitarian political models, among others.
Globalization and the integration of regional economic blocs, such as the case
of Europe, are helping to reduce many of the obstacles that in other times were interposed
to the movement of people across international borders. These changes not only facilitate
displacement, but have also provided unprecedented access to information on other
countries, while allowing migrants to maintain regular contact with their families in their
communities of origin.
Migration is a dynamic process, and therefore the importance attributed to each
of these factors has tended to vary over time. The catalyst for much of the migratory flow
has traditionally been based on demand factors. The availability of jobs in the United
States plays a key role. Mexican workers are considered in many sectors of economic
activity as an essential component of manual labor performed in the United States, since
it is cheap labor contracted illegally and does not require benefits on the part of the
contracting party These individuals. The migratory phenomenon that has taken place
between Mexico and the United States for the past century and a half has produced and
continues to produce multiple and diverse consequences. Mexico is the only nation
whose immigrant population has historically or mostly concentrated in one place: the
United States, which is at the same time the country with which it shares the northern
border, being the most dynamic in the world, where There are around 300 million legal
crosses per year, with whom Mexico has the most important bilateral relationship.
The migration that obtains authorization or some proof that permits permission
to remain within the country in which they were established is considered mainly as a
documented migrant, as well as “legal, authorized migrant, regular migrant, foreigner,
among others.” The migration that does not obtain authorization by a country to remain in
its territory is contemplated in the following terms: undocumented migration,
unauthorized migration, irregular migration, among others. Within the studies of the
migration the popular term “illegal” is used to characterize the undocumented, irregular
migration. Civil and political rights are those that perpetuate the protection of human
beings against abuses of government authority in matters pertaining to personal integrity.
Economic, social and cultural rights are considered rights of material equality by means
of which the satisfaction of the basic needs of the people and the highest possible level of
a decent life are sought.