title page, abstract, table of contents, reference list, and appendices.
• References: A minimum of 5 primary references and 5 biblical references. All references must be cited in the body of the paper and included in the reference list. Biblical references are only cited in text.
I. Introduction
Gangs have grown into an endemic which continues to plague today’s society.
No Law enforcement officials or gang research have agreed on a common definition for the word gang (Howell, 2003).
Studies have shown that gangs have and continue to migrate, spreading eastward from the West coast (Sharp & Hancock, 1998)
II. Risk Factors Influencing Gang Membership
Based on the Anomie/Alienation such conditions encourage gang formation in both cultural and an individual level.
A. Cultural level
1. Youths are encouraged to join during periods of social, economic, and cultural turmoil.
B. Individual level
1. Youth who are alienated from family and are looking for a place to belong (Siegel & Welsh, 2011A).
III. Safeguarding Factors Against Gang Membership
Communities with youth concerns first must acknowledged that in deed may have a gang problem, instead of ignoring the blatant and at times covert signs indicating a problem (Bartollas& Miller, 2005).
IV. Prevention
Juveniles whose needs are not being met in social contacts such as with family members, teachers, school activities, church groups and or community organizations are more likely to be attracted to street and youth gang. (Bartollas&Miller, 2005).
There is a necessity for communities to implement youth oriented programs which would potentially provide them with positive alternatives to occupy their time.
V. Conclusion
Gang concerns have affected different communities for a long time now, and will continue to do so, however, this problem could be diminished with proper planning and expanding of resources.
References:
Bartollas, C. Miller, S. 2005. Juvenile Justice in America. 4th Edition. Upper Saddle River. New Jersey. PEARSON Prentice Hall
Friedman, C. Mann, F. Adelman H. 1976. Juvenile Street Gangs: The victimization of youth. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/document 11292890228?
Howell, J. 2003. Preventing & Reducing Juvenile Delinquency: A comprehensive Framework. Thousand Oaks. CA. Sage Publication
Sharp, P. Hancock, B. 1998. Juvenile Delinquency: Historical, Theoretical, and Societal
Reactions to Youth. Upper Saddle River. New Jersey. Prentice Hall
Siegel, L. Welch, B. 2011. Juvenile Delinquency: The Core. Liberty University. Fourth Edition.
Cengage Learning. Mason, OH.
Tapia, M. 2010. U. S. Juvenile Arrests: Gang Membership, Social Class, and Labeling Effects.
Retrieved from Http://yas.sagepub.com/content/43/4/1407
Siegel, L. Welch, B. 2011. Juvenile Delinquency: The Core
https://books.google.nl/books?id=DuAhDgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Siegel,+L.+Welch,+B.+2011.+Juvenile+Delinquency:+The+Core&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiAgY3_2_DVAhUEU1AKHfZuCCQQ6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q&f=false
Sharp, P. Hancock, B. 1998. Juvenile Delinquency: Historical, Theoretical, and Societal
Reactions to Youth
https://books.google.nl/books?id=PdOlie8UbVMC&pg=PA318&dq=Sharp,+P.+Hancock,+B.+1998.+Juvenile+Delinquency:+Historical,+Theoretical,+and+Societal+Reactions+to+Youth&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiRh8_m2_DVAhUEaVAKHZHoAAsQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=Sharp%2C%20P.%20Hancock%2C%20B.%201998.%20Juvenile%20Delinquency%3A%20Historical%2C%20Theoretical%2C%20and%20Societal%20Reactions%20to%20Youth&f=false
Howell, J. 2003. Preventing & Reducing Juvenile Delinquency: A comprehensive Framework. Thousand Oaks. CA. Sage Publication
https://books.google.nl/books?id=mVeVMu2SNwAC&pg=PT368&dq=Howell,+J.+2003.+Preventing+%26+Reducing+Juvenile+Delinquency:+A+comprehensive+Framework&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Howell%2C%20J.%202003.%20Preventing%20%26%20Reducing%20Juvenile%20Delinquency%3A%20A%20comprehensive%20Framework&f=false