The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy

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Select a president from the table, “Presidents and Their ‘Doctrines,’” in Roskin, Chapter 4. Then write a 3-5 page paper on the doctrine that president used according to Roskin. Your research must include at
least four (4) credible sources, apart from your textbook. Your paper must address the following:

1. Summarize a situation that required U.S. diplomatic efforts during the president’s time in office.
2. Explicate the diplomatic doctrine the president followed, with reference to specific actions or
Events that occurred.
3. Describe the effects of these diplomatic efforts for the U.S. and other countries.
4. Assess, in conclusion, the advantages and disadvantages of the particular doctrine that was
followed.
5. Cite at least four (4) reputable sources in addition to the textbook, not including Wikipedia,
encyclopedias, or dictionaries.

Your assignment must:

. Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all
sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your
professor for any additional instructions.
. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s
name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in
the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

. Identify the cultural, economic, and political context of information resources, and interpret
information in light of that context.
. Use technology and information resources to research issues in international problems.
. Write clearly and concisely about international problems using proper writing mechanics.

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PRESIDENTS AND THEIR "DOCTRINES’

During the Cold War, most U.S. presidents articulated policies that journalists quickly dubbed their "doctrines." The policies were seldom that simple, and calling them "doctrines" tends to make them sound more clear-cut than they were. Nonetheless, they are convenient handles to help us remember who stood for

what. Notice that all these doctrines are just variations on the first, the Truman Doctrine, sometimes called the "containment" policy, from George Kennan’s 1947 article (see Chapter 2). The overall goal’of U.S. foreign policy did not change much: Stop communism. Only the intensity and costs changed.

President

Years

Doctrine

Truman 1945-1953
Eisenhower 1953-1961
Kennedy 1961-1963
Johnson 1963-1969
Nixon 1969-1974
Ford 1974-1977
Carter 1977-1981
Reagan 1981-1989

Contain the expansion of communism, presumably everywhere. Use nukes and spooks to prevent Communist or other radical takeovers. Respond flexibly to communist expansion, especially to guerrilla warfare. Follow through on Kennedy Doctrine by committing U.S. troops in Vietnam. Supply weapons but not troops to countries fighting off communism. Continue Nixon Doctrine.
Make clear to Soviets that Persian Gulf is a vital U.S. interest. Sponsor anticommunist guerrillas who are trying to overthrow pro-Soviet regimes.

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