Tourism & Safety in Twycross Zoo

1. Prepare a report of 3000-4000 words on a research project as indicated in the ‘Question’ below.
• Report/Project Topic:Tourism & Safety in Twycross Zoo
• The research seeks to provide crucial information on how safety issues can be addressed while maintaining a profitable tourism

industry. The main area of focus in the study is Twycross Zoo, East Midlands, United Kingdom.

2. Research Aims and Objectives: The primary aim of the study is to analyse the impact of safety on the Zoo attraction and the

objective is to determine how the sector can deal with these issues. The specific research objectives are provided below:
1. Identify the effects of safety on the Zoo as an attraction centre
2. Analyze the existing safety measures
3. Establish measures and strategies that can be adopted by the Zoo to increase profitability
Research Questions: The research objectives presented above are better explained through the following specific research questions.
1. What are the effects of safety on the Zoo as an attraction?
2. What are the existing safety measures put in place by the Zoo authorities
3. What measures and strategies that can be adopted by the Zoo to increase profitability?

3. Research method to be used: I intend to use “None Participant Observation”, following it with having a chat with participants. My

participants will be tourists on site and few member of staff.

4. Ethical Issues & Access:
• Informed Consent: Will request an oral consent of everyone I will have a chat with. They will be made aware of all my intentions.

• Respect Individual Autonomy: The participants will be informed they have the right to withdraw from the study at any time, without

giving a reason. They can also request that the data they have given be removed from the study.

• Anonymity & Confidentiality Issues: Participant will be made aware they will be anonymous based on information provided, and

contributors name will be removed from all data collected. Furthermore, recording and all other data collected from participants will be

protected strictly adhering to data protection acts.
ASSESSMENT: Project Report
Your report should include the following elements:
a. Clear statement of the research question or objective, located with reference to relevant literature

b. Discussion of the appropriateness of the approach and methods chosen for exploration of the topic selected(compared to case study

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and life/work history)

c. Reference to relevant methodological literature and discussion of key methodological issues including ethics

d. Description of the research method as carried out

e. Selective/illustrative presentation of the research data collected

f. Analysis of the data presented and discussion of the method of analysis

g. Critical assessment of the project

h. bibliography

i. appendices (this can include copies of research instruments used, extracts from interview transcripts, extracts from field notes,

etc.)
Please avoid excessively long appendices. Any visual non-electronic material (photographs, press cuttings, etc) should be scanned for

pasting into appendices. You may incorporate images into the text of your report if this is appropriate.

Reading Lists
• Atkinson, P. 2001, Handbook of ethnography, SAGE, London.
• Brewer, J.D. 2000, Ethnography, Open University Press, Buckingham [England].
• Crang, M. & Cook, I.(.J.). 2007, Doing ethnographies, SAGE, London.
• Crawford, P. I. &Turton, D. (eds.) (1992) Film as Ethnography, Manchester University Press
• Davies, C. A., (2003) Reflexive Ethnography, Routledge.
• Dickens, D and Fontana, A (eds.) (2004) Postmodernism and Social Inquiry, Routledge
• Clifford J and Marcus G E. editors (1986) Writing culture: the poetics and politics of ethnography, University of California

Press.
• Feldman, G. 2011, “If ethnography is more than participant-observation, then relations are more than connections: The case for

nonlocal ethnography in a world of apparatuses”, Anthropological Theory, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 375-395.
• GANS, H.J. 1999, “PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION IN THE ERA OF “ETHNOGRAPHY””, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, vol. 28, no. 5, pp.

540-548.
• Gans, H.J. 2010, “Public Ethnography; Ethnography as Public Sociology”, Qualitative Sociology, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 97-104.
• Gerard Forsey, M. 2010, “Ethnography as participant listening”, Ethnography, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 558-572.
• Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. 2007, Ethnography: principles in practice, Routledge, London.
• Hine, C. 2000, Virtual ethnography, SAGE, Thousand Oaks, Calif.
• Mears, A. 2013, “Ethnography as Precarious Work”, The Sociological Quarterly, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 20-34.
• O’Reilly, K. 2009, Key concepts in ethnography, Sage, Los Angeles, Calif.
• Pink, S. 2013, Doing visual ethnography, SAGE, Los Angeles, California.
• Reed-Danahay, D. 1997, Auto/ethnography: rewriting the self and the social, Berg, Oxford.
• Van Maanen, J. 1995, Representation in ethnography, Sage.
• Wolcott, H.F. 2008, Ethnography: a way of seeing, Altamira Press, Lanham, Md.
• Alvesson, M and K. Sköldberg. 2009 (2nded). Reflexive methodology: new vistas for qualitative research. London: Sage.
• Angrosino, M , 2007. Doing Ethnographic and Observational Research. Sage
• James, A., J. Hockey and A. Dawson. 1997. After Writing Culture. London: Routledge
• O’Reilly, Karen . 2005. Ethnographic Methods. Routledge
• Seale, C., G. Gobo, J.F. Gubrium and D. Silverman, 2007. Qualitative Research practice (Concise Paperback Edition). Sage
• Silverman, D. 2009. Doing Qualitative Research: A Practical Handbook (4th ed.). Sage
• Silverman, D. (ed.) 2010 Qualitative Research: Theory, Method and Practice (2nd ed.). Sage
• Silverman, D. 2011 Interpreting Qualitative Data. Sage.
• Banks, M. 2001. Visual Methods in Social Research Sage
• Blain, J., D. Ezzy and G. Harvey (eds.) 2004 Researching Paganisms. Altamira
• Bloor, M. and F. Wood (2006) Keywords in Qualitative Methods. Sage. (This is a small and useful reference guide)
• Czarniawska, Barbara, 2004. Narratives in Social Science Research. Sage
• Coleman, S. and P. Collins, 2006 Locating the Field: space, place and context in anthropology. Berg.
• Crang, Mike and Ian Cook, 2007. Doing Ethnographies. Sage
• Denzin, Norman (2009) Qualitative Research Under Fire. Left Coast Press
• Drew, P., G. Raymond and D. Weinberg, 2006. Talk and Interaction in Social Research Methods. Sage
• Elliot, Jane (2005) Using Narrative in Social Research. Sage
• Ezzy, D. 2002 Qualitative AnalysisAllen&Unwin.
• Flick, U, E. von Kardorff and I. Steinke, 2004. A Companion to Qualitative Research. Sage
• Fox, R. and B. J. King, 2002. Anthropology Beyond C ulture. Berg
• Gobo, G. 2008. Doing Ethnography. Sage
• Grills, S. (ed.) 1998. Doing Ethnographic Research: Fieldwork Settings. Sage
• Hahn, C. 2008. Doing Qualitative Research using your Computer. Sage
• Hammersley, M. 2008. Questioning Qualitative Inquiry. Sage.
• Henn, M., M. Weinstein and N. Foard, 2006 .A Short Introduction to Social Research. Sage (Fairly general but useful esp. on

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ethics.)
• Huberman, A. M. and M.B. Miles, 2002. The Qualitative Researcher’s Companion. Sage. (Chapters on Case Study are particularly

useful.)
• Moses, J. W. and T. L. Knutsen, 2007. Ways of Knowing: Competing methodologies in social and political research. Palgrave
• O’Leary, Zina 2005Researching Real World Problems. Sage
• Pink, Sarah. 2007. Doing Visual Ethnography: Images, media and representation in research (2nd ed.). Sage
• Ritchie, Jane and Jane Lewis (eds.), 2003. Qualitative Research Practice: a guide for social science students and researchers.

Sage
• Riessman, C. K. 1993. Narrative Analysis. Sage (Qualitative Research Methods Series)
• Seale, Clive, 2004. Social Research Methods: a Reader. Routledge
• Spencer, S, 2010. Visual Research Methods Routledge.
• Sunderland, P.L. and R. M Denny. 2007. Doing Anthropology in Consumer Research. Left Coast Press.
• Taylor, S. 2001 Ethnographic Research – a reader. Sage
• Wengraf, T. 2001. Qualitative Research Interviewing. Sage
• Willis, P., 2000. The Ethnographic Imagination. Cambridge: Polity
• Discourse, documents and ‘texts’
• Åkerstrøm Andersen, Niels 2003 Discursive Analytical Strategies. Policy Press
• Baxter, J. 2003 Positioning Gender in Discourse: Feminist Post-Structuralist Discourse Analysis. Sage
• Blain, J and R. J. Wallis 2003. Sites, texts and inscriptions of meaning. The Pomegranate, 6.2 : 231-252
• Prior, L. 2003. Using documents in Social Research. Sage
• Sidnell, J. 2010. Conversation Analysis: An Introduction. Wiley-Blackwell
• Thwaites, T., L Davis and W Mules 2002 Introducing Cultural and Media Studies: a semiotic approach. Palgrave
• Wodak, Ruth and Michael Meyer. 2009 (2nded). Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. Sage
• Ethics issues
• Lee-Trewick, Geraldine and Stephanie Linkogle, 2000. Danger in the Field: Risk and Ethics in Social Research. Routledge
• Love, K (ed) (2012). Ethics in Social Research. Bingley: Emerald. Available as an e-book at

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http://catalogue.shu.ac.uk/record=b1716141~S1a
• Mauthner, M. and M. Birch. 2002. Ethics in Qualitative Research. Sage
• Blain, J. 2000 Speaking shamanistically: seidr, academia and rationality. Diskus, 6. Online. Available HTTP:

http://www.basr.ac.uk/diskus/diskus1-6/index.html#6 (on insider research)
• Qualitative analysis and software (CAQDAS)
• Richards, L 2010 Handling Qualitative Data. Sage. 2nd edition. See also the companion website at

http://www.uk.sagepub.com/richards/

• See Blackboard list for specific areas, journals, and other useful general references. Particularly useful journals are Journal of

Contemporary Ethnography, Journal of Critical Discourse Analysis, and Qualitative Inquiry – but there are many more!
• Key reference texts include the Handbook of Qualitative Research, edited by N. Denzin and Y. Lincoln.