Utilitarianism is based on the notion of bringing about the greatest good, which requires some conception of what “the good” is such that this can be identified, measured, and calculated in a way that is consistent across time, place, and people. Is there any such “good” that has these characteristics? What does Mill identify as the good, and does it have these characteristics? What about Singer? What good does he seem to be referring to and does it have these characteristics? What implications would there be if we can’t identify a good of the sort that the utilitarian seems to need?
Source is below and also attached:
Mill, J. S. (2008). Utilitarianism (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site., In J. Bennett (Ed. & Rev.) Early Modern Philosophy. Retrieved from http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/assets/pdfs/mill1863.pdf
Please read the sections from Chapter 2. This text is one of the most straightforward and historically significant explanations of the theory of utilitarianism.
mill1863.pdf