GIBBS REFLECTIVE CYCLE
Description
(What happened?)
Action Plan Feelings
(If it arose again what (What were you
would you do?) thinking & feeling?)
Conclusion Evaluation
(What was good & bad
about the experience?)
Description
(What sense can you make of the situation?)
(Gibbs 1998)
Stage 1: Description of the event
Describe in detail the event you are reflecting on.
Include e.g. where were you; who else was there; why were you there; what
were you doing; what were other people doing; what was the context of the
event; what happened; what was your pa rt in this; what parts did the other
people play; what was the result.
Stage 2: Feelings
At this stage try to recall and explore the things that were going on inside
your head, i.e. why does this event stick in your mind? Include e.g. how you
were feeling when the event started; what you were thinking about at the
time; how did it make you feel; how di d other people make you feel; how did
you feel about the outcome of the event; what do you think about it now.
Stage 3: Evaluation
Try to evaluate or make a judgement about what has happened. Consider what
was good about the experience and wh at was bad about the experience or
didn’t go so well
Stage 4: Analysis
Break the event down into its component parts so they can be explored
separately. You may need to ask more detailed questions about the answers
to the last stage. Include e.g. what we nt well; what did you do well; what did
others do well; what went wrong or did not turn out how it should have done;
in what way did you or others contribute to this
Stage 5: Conclusion
This differs from the evaluation stage in that now you have explored the
issue from different angles and have a lot of information to base your
judgement. It is here that you are like ly to develop insight into you own and
other people’s behaviour in terms of how they contributed to the outcome of
the event. Remember the purpose of reflection is to learn from an
experience. Without detailed analysis and honest exploration that occurs
during all the previous stages, it is unlikely that all aspects of the event will
be taken into account and therefore valuable opportunities for learning can
be missed. During this stage you should ask yourself what yo u could have done
differently.
Stage 6: Action Plan
During this stage you should think yourself forward into encountering the
event again and to plan what you would do – would you act differently or would
you be likely to do the same?
Here the cycle is tentatively complete d and suggests that should the event
occur again it will be the focu s of another reflective cycle
Jasper M 2003 Beginning Reflective Practice – Foundations in Nursing and
Health Care Nelson Thornes. Cheltenham
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