Pathophysiology
Introduction
The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is a complex endocrine network which regulates blood pressure through vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and water retention. The liver, lungs, kidneys, adrenal cortex, and blood vessels all participate in the regulatory network.
Overall, the RAAS induces
• An increase or decrease in blood volume? .
• An increase or decrease in blood pressure? .
This physiological mechanism makes the RAAS an attractive drug target for anti-hypertension drugs to maintain normal CV physiology.
Identify the target of drug and mark the point where the drug inhibits the RAAS.
Drug Name* Functional Description Drug inhibit or activates RAAS pathway activity? Drug targets Kidney, Lung, blood vessel, and/or blood vessels
Aliskiren Renin inhibitor
Captopril ACE inhibitor
Olmesartan Angiotensin II receptor antagonist
Spironolactone Aldosterone receptor antagonist
* These drugs are called antihypertensive drugs because they _________________________________ (activate or inhibit) the RAAS pathway causing blood pressure to _________________________________ (increase or decrease)
Part 2: Essay Question – Abnormal RAAS activation is associated with abnormal increases in blood pressure chronically progressing to malignant hypertension.
Identify and describe a cardiovascular or renal disorder that can induce malignant hypertension.
What effects does this have on the microanatomy of the kidney?
Explain why abnormal RAAS activation creates a vicious cycle of hypertension.
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