Earth Science
SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS, THEORIES,
Scientific inquiry is a process used to investigate the physical world. The experimental scientific method provides an organized approach for answering testable questions and confirming hypotheses.
Appropriate experimental questions investigate a causal link between the independent and dependent variables. For example, How does the amount of fertilizer affect the growth in height (cm) of plants?
In this task you will use the experimental scientific method to investigate a relevant, testable problem and communicate your findings in an organized written report.
Task:
Design and carry out a scientific experiment that investigates a topic from either the life, earth or physical sciences and uses appropriate methods, tools, technologies, and quantitative measurement units.
For a list of possible science experiment topic ideas refer to the “Topic List” attachment.
NOTE: If you wish to conduct an experiment using a living organism, it must be a plant or an invertebrate. No tasks using vertebrate organisms will be accepted.
Complete a written report (suggested length of 4–8 pages) in which you do the following:
A. Complete a project design plan (completed before the investigation is conducted) in which you include and address the following sections:
• Problem statement
• Relevance of your testable question
• Literature review
• Experimental design
• Dependent, independent, and controlled variables
• Threat reduction to internal validity
• Hypothesis
1. In a literature review, summarize information from at least two outside science experiment projects (published works or works by other students) that relate to your topic of inquiry.
2. In an experimental design, do the following:
a. Describe the steps in the experimental procedure.
Note: The level of detail should be such that someone else would be able to reasonably replicate your experiment from your description.
b. Discuss your reasoning for choosing this particular experimental design plan.
c. Explain the sequence of events you will use to collect quantitative data.
d. Describe the tools, technologies, and measurement units that will be used to collect quantitative data.
3. Explain and identify the dependent, independent, and controlled variables for your study.
4. Explain what you will do to reduce the threats to internal validity.
5. In the hypothesis section, state your hypothesis, and explain how you come up with your hypothesis.
B. Explain the process of data collection (completed after the investigation is conducted), including appropriate photographs, tables, or diagrams to clearly show the data collection process.
1. Discuss your use of appropriate methods, tools, and technologies to collect quantitative data.
• Use appropriate measurement units to collect quantitative data.
C. Explain the results of your experiment (completed after the investigation is conducted), including graphical representations (e.g., bar graph, line graph, pie chart, etc.) of the data collected.
• Include appropriate measurement units in the graphical representations.
D. Provide a conclusion derived from your interpretation of the data (completed after the investigation is conducted). Include the following in your conclusion:
1. Discussion of whether your results confirm or refute your hypothesis.
2. Explanation of why experimental design is a key factor in the success of the scientific inquiry.
3. Explanation of how your investigation can be replicated by someone else.
a. Discuss how the replication of an experiment is an evaluation of validity.
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